Frequency and temperature control for complex system engineering in optoelectronics and electronics: an overview

Abstract

To take advantage of the physical principles of determining parameters, such as frequency stability, noise and also alignment of optical signals, it is necessary to control complex systems. This work allows explaining it through various concrete cases such as the determination of phase noise of microwave oscillators, the control of the temperature of the manufacturing process of optical components. We also discuss the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the measurement results, as it is fundamental to control the error range.

Investigation in determining fluctuations that could demonstrate the possible presence of particles interacting with photons

“…Other relevant papers can also be consulted [12 -15]. Discussions of the estimated errors are given here [16,17]. For the assessment of possible associated uncertainties, refer to this reference [18].…”

Celebration of the centenary of a major scientific milestone thanks to Heinrich Barkhausen

“…Every researcher and engineer who works on oscillators knows that it is essential to meet the Barkhausen criteria before being able to start an oscillator. An example is given through these references corresponding to work on crystal oscillators and other types of optoelectronic oscillators [2][3][4][5][6]. This does not guarantee that the oscillator will be stable and that the oscillation will continue, but it is an essential part.…”