Frequency and structure of stimulant designer drug consumption among suspected drug users in Budapest and South-East Hungary in 2012–2013

Institóris, László; Árok, Zsófia; Seprenyi, Katalin; Varga, Tibor V.; Sára-Klausz, Gabriella; Keller, Éva; Tóth, Renáta; Sala, L.; Kereszty, Éva; Róna, Kálmán

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.002

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Two specific procedures were evaluated: off‐line SPE and LLE. We based our selection on various studies that have reported a sample pretreatment prior to the analysis of cathinones in urine .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, for example, obtained LODs of 1 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL for MDPV and mephedrone respectively in urine by LC‐MS after pretreatment with a strong cation exchange sorbent. LLE has also been used by other authors to extract cathinones in urine . For example, LODs between 10 and 50 ng/mL were obtained by GC‐MS on urine samples after a sample pretreatment based on LLE using N ‐butyl chloride as the extractant .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are currently one of the most commonly abused drugs, hence the increased interest among the police and health authorities in detecting and control these substances. This is reflected in the emergence of extensive literature on the detection and determination of cathinones .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To document cathinone consumption, it is essential to analyse these compounds in biological samples such as urine, which can be obtained non‐invasively and presents a detection window that can reach weeks. In recent years urine has been successfully used as a matrix for different applications including the identification of cathinones in urine from victims of sexual assault and screening studies for cathinone consumption . These studies showed that cathinones can be found in urine at low concentration levels (ng/mL), so very sensitive methodologies are needed to determine these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies showed that cathinones can be found in urine at low concentration levels (ng/mL), so very sensitive methodologies are needed to determine these compounds. Due to these low levels, in previous studies the determination of cathinones in urine samples was mainly achieved by combining a chromatographic technique with MS detection such as LC–MS or GC–MS after an appropriate pretreatment, generally SPE or LLE . However, despite the benefits of CE in enantioseparation, as far as we know no studies have used this technique for the enantioseparation of cathinones in urine samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enantioselective determination of cathinones in urine by high pressure in‐line SPE–CE

et al. 2019

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This work presents a strategy based on the in‐line coupling of SPE and CE for the chiral determination of cathinones (R,S‐mephedrone, R,S‐4‐methylephedrine, and R,S‐ methylenedioxypyrovalerone) in urine samples, using a sample pretreatment based on liquid‐liquid extraction. The chiral separation of the compounds is achieved by adding a mixture of 8 mM 2‐hydroxypropil β‐CD and 5 mM β‐CD to the BGE, which consists of 70 mM of monosodium phosphate aqueous solution at pH 2.5. Oasis HLB was the selected sorbent for the in‐line SPE device, and to reduce analysis time and LODs, several parameters affecting the in‐line SPE system were evaluated, such as pressure and time of sample injection and dimensions of the SPE device. The highest preconcentration factors were achieved by using 3 bar of injection pressure for 20 min with an in‐line SPE device of 2 mm length and 150 µm of i.d. The developed method was applied to determine the presence of the compounds in spiked urine samples. The LODs obtained were between 3 and 8 ng/mL, and these levels were below the usual concentrations at which these drugs are present in urine from cathinone abusers. Thus, the optimized method has the potential to be applied for toxicological and forensic purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enantioselective determination of cathinones in urine by high pressure in‐line SPE–CE

et al. 2019

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Urinary excretion profile of methiopropamine in mice following intraperitoneal administration: A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry investigation

Camuto

Pellegrini

De-Giorgio

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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We have considered the urinary excretion profile of methiopropamine (MPA), a thiophene ring-based structural analog of methamphetamine with similar stimulant effects, with the aim of selecting the most appropriate marker(s) of intake that may be useful in forensic analysis. For this purpose, in vitro studies were preliminarily performed on human liver microsomes for tracing the phase I metabolic pathways of MPA, preselecting the best candidates as potential target analytes, and designing the optimal experimental strategy. In vivo studies were then conducted on mice, after the intraperitoneal administration of a 10-mg/kg dose. Urine samples were collected every 3 h in the first 9 h and, subsequently, from 24 to 36 h, and stored at-80 C until further analysis. The measurements were performed using a targeted procedure based on liquid/liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Our results show that in the time interval 0-9 h after administration, MPA was extensively oxidized mainly to nor-MPA, oxo-MPA, and two hydroxylated metabolites (ie, hydroxy-aryl-methiopropamine and hydroxy-alkylmethiopropamine). All phase I metabolites underwent phase II metabolism, with the formation of nor-hydroxy-methiopropamine only in phase II, confirmed by the results obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase. In the time interval 24-36 h after administration, only unchanged MPA and nor-MPA were detected, suggesting that these two markers are those endowed with the highest diagnostic value. The method was validated for these two principal markers, proving to be fit for anti-doping, toxicological, and forensic analyses.

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Understanding methiopropamine, a new psychoactive substance: an in-depth review on its chemistry, pharmacology and implications to human health

Bunaim,

Damanhuri,

Yow

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

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Frequency and structure of stimulant designer drug consumption among suspected drug users in Budapest and South-East Hungary in 2012–2013

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Enantioselective determination of cathinones in urine by high pressure in‐line SPE–CE

Enantioselective determination of cathinones in urine by high pressure in‐line SPE–CE

Urinary excretion profile of methiopropamine in mice following intraperitoneal administration: A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry investigation

Understanding methiopropamine, a new psychoactive substance: an in-depth review on its chemistry, pharmacology and implications to human health

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