Frequency and risk factors for naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending<scp>UK</scp>primary‐care practices

Schofield, Imogen; Brodbelt, David; Niessen, Stijn; Church, David; Geddes, Rebecca; O'Neill, D G

doi:10.1111/jsap.13450

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Adult dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism (Cushing's disease) show disorientation, altered social interactions, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, house-soiling, compulsive behaviours, depressive behaviours, anxiety, and difficulties with memory and learning [71]. Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, from use of steroid medications, results in dogs who are: significantly less playful, more nervous/restless, more fearful/less confident, more aggressive in the presence of food, more prone to barking, more prone to startle, more prone to reacting aggressively when disturbed, and more prone to avoiding people or unusual situations [72]. If these effects are consistently reported in adult dogs with fully developed brains exposed to high levels of blood cortisol, the impact of elevated blood cortisol on the rapidly growing and vulnerable brains of puppies could also be significant and worth further scientific scrutiny.…”

Section: Adverse Early Experience In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of a ‘Trauma-Informed Care’ Approach to Improve the Assessment and Management of Dogs Presented with Anxiety Disorders

Corridan,

Dawson,

Mullan

2024

Animals

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Dog caregiver reporting on the spectrum of fearful–aggressive behaviours often describes ‘unpredictable’ or ‘exaggerated’ responses to a situation/animal/person. A possible explanation for these behavioural responses considers that the dog is reacting to triggered memories for which the dog has a negative association. For many dogs undergoing veterinary behavioural treatment or rehabilitation through a canine rescue organisation, the assessing clinician relies on “proxy” reporting of the history/background by a caregiver (dog owner, foster carer, or shelter personnel). Detailed information on the event or circumstances resulting in this negative association may be limited or absent altogether. Consideration of a trauma-informed care (TIC) approach, currently applied in a wide range of human psychology and social care fields, may be helpful in guiding the clinical approach taken. The literature relating to adverse early experience (AEE) and trauma-informed care (TIC) in puppies/dogs compared to children/adults was evaluated to identify common themes and conclusions identified across both species. In the absence of known/identifiable trauma, behavioural assessment and management should consider that a ‘problem’ dog may behave as it does, as the result of previous trauma. The dog can then be viewed through a lens of empathy and understanding, often lacking for dogs presenting with impulsive, reactive, or aggressive behaviours. Assessment must avoid re-traumatising the animal through exposure to triggering stimuli and, treatment options should include counselling of caregivers on the impact of adverse early experiences, consideration of the window of tolerance, and TIC behavioural modification techniques.

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Section: Adverse Early Experience In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of a ‘Trauma-Informed Care’ Approach to Improve the Assessment and Management of Dogs Presented with Anxiety Disorders

Corridan,

Dawson,

Mullan

2024

Animals

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“…Гіпеадренокортицизм -це системне порушення, що розвивається внаслідок хронічного підвищення секреції кортизолу в кров [6,7]. Синдром Кушинга це поширена ендокринопатія дрібних тварин.…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Діагностують синдром Кушинга переважно у собак середнього та старшого віку. Надлишок глюкокортикоїдів призводить до комбінованих фізичних та біохімічних змін, які впливають на якість життя тварини [6].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Біохімічні Показники Сироватки Крові Собак За Гіперадренокортицизму

Маценко,

Собакар,

Фурда

et al. 2023

Scient.Prog.&Innov.

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Під гіперадренокортицизмом розуміють стійке хронічне підвищення рівня кортизолу у крові.Ми дослідили 13 кобелей та 7 самок собак з підозрою на синдром Кушинга за анамнестичними даними тарезультатами клінічних досліджень. У 10 кобелів та 5 самок собак було підтверджено діагноз на синдромКушинга (гіперадренокортицизм). Тварин, у яких діагноз не було підтверджено, сформували у контрольнугрупу. У сироватці крові визначали: вміст глюкози, концентрацію сечовини, креатинін, загальний білок,концентрацію кальцію, концентрацію фосфору, активність аланін- (АлАТ), амілізи та лужної фосфатази.З гематологічних показників визначали кількість еритроцитів і лейкоцитів, концентрацію гемоглобіну,лейкограму визначали в пофарбованих мазках і гематокрит. Біохімічні дослідження сироватки крові собаквиконували на базі кафедри внутрішніх хвороб і клінічної діагностики тварин Державного біотехнологіч-ного університету та ПП «Алвіс-класс» м. Харкова. Було сформовано дві групи тварин: перша – собаки згіперадренокортицизмом (15 собак) та друга – здорові собаки (5 тварин). Ми зʼясували, що у хворих тваринпідвищуються окремі біохімічні показники сироватки крові. Зокрема концентрація глюкози булапідвищеною у 4 собак, активність аланінамінотрансферази – у 10-ти, лужної фосфатази – у 8-ми тварин. Митакож дослідили гіперхолестеролемію та гіперглікемію в собак за наявності синдрома Кушинга через ката-болізм структурних протеїнів та утилізацію амінокислот у процесі глюконеогенезу. В сироватці крові хво-рих на гіперадренокортицизм собак концентрація аланін-амінотрансферази та лужної фосфатази була в 2,6та 3,0 рази вищою порівняно зі здоровими тваринами. Вміст холестеролу в сироватці крові хворих собак буввищим на 49 %. Кількість еритроцитів у крові хворих тварин була на 40 % вищою, а тромбоцитів – у 3,1 разавищою порівняно із тваринами з групи контролю. У хворих на гіперадренокортицизм собак встановленоеозинопенію, кількість еозинофілів була меншою в 2,7 раза.

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“…It is a common endocrine disorder in dogs. Overall prevalence is estimated at 0.17%‐0.28% 2‐4 . Spontaneous Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excessive production of glucocorticoids, often leading to a typical case presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall prevalence is estimated at 0.17%-0.28%. [2][3][4] Spontaneous Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excessive production of glucocorticoids, often leading to a typical case presentation. Common clinical signs include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, panting, abdominal enlargement, hepatomegaly, dermatological changes, and muscle atrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External validation of a United Kingdom primary‐care Cushing's prediction tool in a population of referred Dutch dogs

Ruijter,

Bik,

Schofield

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundA prediction tool was developed and internally validated to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending UK primary‐care practices. External validation is an important part of model validation to assess model performance when used in different populations.ObjectivesTo assess the original prediction model's transportability, applicability, and diagnostic performance in a secondary‐care practice in the Netherlands.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Medical records of dogs under investigation of Cushing's syndrome between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed. Dogs diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome by the attending internists and fulfilling ALIVE criteria were defined as cases, others as non‐cases. All dogs were scored using the aforementioned prediction tool. Dog characteristics and predictor‐outcome effects in development and validation data sets were compared to assess model transportability. Calibration and discrimination were examined to assess model performance.ResultsEighty of 230 dogs were defined as cases. Significant differences in dog characteristics were found between UK primary‐care and Dutch secondary‐care populations. Not all predictors from the original model were confirmed to be significant predictors in the validation sample. The model systematically overestimated the probability of having Cushing's syndrome (a = −1.10, P < .001). Calibration slope was 1.35 and discrimination proved excellent (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.83).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prediction model had moderate transportability, excellent discriminatory ability, and overall overestimated probability of having Cushing's syndrome. This study confirms its utility, though emphasizes that ongoing validation efforts of disease prediction tools are a worthwhile effort.

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Frequency and risk factors for naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome in dogs attendingUKprimary‐care practices

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Potential Benefits of a ‘Trauma-Informed Care’ Approach to Improve the Assessment and Management of Dogs Presented with Anxiety Disorders

Potential Benefits of a ‘Trauma-Informed Care’ Approach to Improve the Assessment and Management of Dogs Presented with Anxiety Disorders

Біохімічні Показники Сироватки Крові Собак За Гіперадренокортицизму

External validation of a United Kingdom primary‐care Cushing's prediction tool in a population of referred Dutch dogs

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