Frequency and Risk Factors for Post-COVID-19 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders After One Year

Abstract

Objectives: In light of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent emergence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) post-recovery, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with FGIDs one year after recovering from COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 357 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 for a year and were seen at Al-Zahra Hospital in 2021. Participants were chosen through simple random sampling. The ROME questionnaire, alongside patients' clinical histories regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its variants, functional dyspepsia (FD), and other GI symptoms, was utilized for data collection. Results: Findings indicated that one year post-COVID-19, the prevalence rates of IBS, GI symptoms, and FD stood at 15.4%, 44.9%, and 9.5%, respectively. It was observed that women had a higher propensity than men to develop these FGIDs (P-value = 0.044). Anxiety was linked to a 1.910-fold increase in IBS risk (P-value = 0.039), a 2.225-fold surge in GI symptoms (P-value < 0.001), and a 1.110-fold rise in FD risk (P-value = 0.042). Moreover, depression was associated with a 1.772-fold and 3.753-fold elevated risk of developing IBS (P-value = 0.040) and FD (P-value < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The findings suggest that FGIDs such as IBS, FD, and other GI symptoms are significant long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infection. Anxiety and depression appear to be key risk factors for these conditions, with a more pronounced impact observed in women than in men.