Frequency and Duration of Rhinovirus Infections in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Controls

Dijkema, Jasper S.; Ewijk, Bart E. van; Wilbrink, B.; Wolfs, Tom F. W.; Kimpen, Jan L. L.; Ent, Cornelis K. van der

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001014

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The fact that, even in our study, the prevalence of HRV detection increased with older age in the CF group compared with healthy controls could already be an early sign of possible changes in the immune response or susceptibility to HRV, further leading to increased numbers of infections later in life. This is in line with a recent study,9 showing more frequent HRV detection in children with CF during respiratory infections and asymptomatic episodes compared with healthy controls 9. An additional indicator of different reactions to viruses already in early life might be the surprisingly high number of hBoV detection in our CF cohort.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Respiratory viruses in healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis: a prospective cohort study

Korten

Kieninger

Klenja

et al. 2017

Thorax

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Respiratory viruses in healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis: a prospective cohort study

Korten

Kieninger

Klenja

et al. 2017

Thorax

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“…As expected in this young population, RV/EV remain the most frequently recovered viruses during RTI. Since the spread of molecular diagnostic tools, many studies have reported the same results in older children [1,4,6,9,15,25,26], adolescents and adults [3,10,11,15]. Overall, RV/EV are responsible for 70-80% of virally induced RTIs.…”

Section: Rti Epidemiology In Young Children With Cfmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Whether or not this was the same subtype of picornavirus (RV or EV) was not addressed in this study, but prolonged carriage has been reported [4,29]. In a recent study conducted in a mean of Over the year of the study follow-up 3.5 years old (range, 0-17 years) CF patients population sampled weekly for 6 months, the authors found that patients with CF had a more frequent and prolonged carriage of RV in comparison to their healthy counterparts, even if the subtypes did not differ [4]. The authors conclude that "this may indicate increased viral replication and/or decreased viral antiviral defense in patients with CF."…”

Section: Rv/ev Carriagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has been extensively studied for several decades whereas the respiratory viruses pathogenesis remained little explored. The availability of new diagnostic molecular tests to detect virus infections has recently boosted the interest in evaluating their impact during pathological conditions such as CF in children [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and in adults [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral respiratory tract infections in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective full-year seasonal study

Eymery¹,

Morfin²,

Doléans-Jordheim³

et al. 2019

Virol J

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Background Viral respiratory tract infections are common during early childhood. How they impact cystic fibrosis lung disease history in young children is poorly known. The principal aim of our study was to determinate respiratory tract infections frequency in this cystic fibrosis young population. Secondary outcomes were nature of viral agents recovered and impact of such infections. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 25 children affected by cystic fibrosis and aged less than 2 years. Nasal samplings were taken systematically monthly or bimonthly with additional samples taken during respiratory tract infections episodes. Ten pathogens were tested by a combination of five duplex RT-PCRs or PCRs: influenza A and B , respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus (MPV), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV)), coronavirus (HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43), parainfluenza virus (1–4), adenovirus and bocavirus (Respiratory Multi-Well System MWS r-gene®, BioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France). Cycle thresholds (CTs) were reported for all positive samples and considered positive for values below 40. Quantitative variables were compared using a nonparametric statistical test (Wilcoxon signed rank for paired comparisons). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess relationships between two variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) or GraphPad Prism V6.00 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The mean age at inclusion was 9.6 ± 6.7 months. The patients had 3.4 ± 1.7 respiratory tract infections episodes per child per year. Forty-four respiratory tract infections (69%) were associated with virus: rhinovirus and enterovirus (RV/EV) were implied in 61% of them and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 14%. Only one patient required hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections. 86% of the patients were treated by antibiotics for a mean of 13.8 ± 6.2 days. RSV infections ( n = 6) were usually of mild severity. Conclusions Respiratory tract infections in young children with cystic fibrosis were of mild severity, rarely requiring hospitalization. Unsurprisingly, RV/EV were the most frequent agents. RSV-related morbidity seems low in this population. This raises the question of the usefulness of RSV preventive medication in this young population.

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“…Some published evidence does not support the theory that pediatric patients with CF experience an increased incidence of laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections compared with healthy subjects, [19][20][21] while one recent study supports this theory. 22 Rather, it has been postulated that the increased prevalence of viral respiratory infections may be attributed to differences in the duration of infections (and the consequent duration of viral nucleic acid detection) due to a diminished specific antiviral defense [22][23][24] in patients with CF. 25 Furthermore, our 2 sensitivity analyses indicated that the RD estimate was robust to potential information bias from the diagnostic assays used to detect the presence of respiratory viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral interference and the live-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine: Results from a pediatric cohort with cystic fibrosis

Boikos

Papenburg

Martineau

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Background: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of viral co-detection in individuals recently vaccinated with the live-attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine (LAIV) on the detection of influenza RNA.Methods: Before the 2013-2014 influenza season, nasal swabs were obtained from 59 pediatric participants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 17 of their healthy siblings immediately before vaccination and 4 times during the week of follow-up. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to detect influenza RNA. Codetection of a non-influenza respiratory virus (NIRV) at the time of vaccination was determined by a multiplex RT-PCR assay. Differences in the proportions and rates of influenza detection and their 95% credible intervals (CrI) were estimated.Results: Influenza RNA was detected in 16% fewer participants (95% CrI: ¡7, 39%) throughout follow-up in the NIRV-positive group compared with the NIRV-negative group (59% vs. 75%). This was also observed in participants with CF alone (66% vs. 74%; RD D 8% 95% CrI: ¡16, 33%) as well as in healthy participants only (75% vs. 30%; RD D 45%, 95% CrI: ¡2, 81%). Influenza was detected in NIRV-negative subjects for 0.49 d more compared with NIRV-positive subjects (95% CrI: ¡0.37, 1.26).Conclusion: The observed proportion of subjects in whom influenza RNA was detected and the duration of detection differed slightly between NIRV-positive and ¡negative subjects. However, wide credible intervals for the difference preclude definitive conclusions. If true, this observed association may be related to a recent viral respiratory infection, a phenomenon known as viral interference.

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Frequency and Duration of Rhinovirus Infections in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Controls

Abstract: This is the first in vivo longitudinal study showing that HRV is detected more frequently and persists for longer periods in CF patients compared with healthy controls. This might indicate increased viral replication and/or decreased antiviral defense in patients with CF.

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Respiratory viruses in healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis: a prospective cohort study

Respiratory viruses in healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis: a prospective cohort study

Viral respiratory tract infections in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective full-year seasonal study

Viral interference and the live-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine: Results from a pediatric cohort with cystic fibrosis

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