Frequency and Distribution of Gelatinous Fibers in Eastern Cottonwood

Kaeiser, Margaret

doi:10.2307/2438571

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, we did not observe any correlation with lignin content and cellulose in this study. An increase in cellulose content is observed in tension wood and has been observed in straight stems in response to other environmental factors such as water availability, soil quality, and nitrogen fertilization [15,57,58]. With our results, we can only speculate as to what environmental factor contributed to the cellulose content at the two sites.…”

Section: Genotypic Variation In Wood Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 53%

Yield and Woody Biomass Traits of Novel Shrub Willow Hybrids at Two Contrasting Sites

et al. 2012

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Shrub willow has great potential as a dedicated bioenergy crop, but commercialization and adoption by growers and end-users will depend upon the identification and selection of high-yielding cultivars with biomass chemistry and quality amenable to conversion to biofuels and bioenergy. In this study, critical traits for biomass production were evaluated among new genotypes of shrub willow produced through hybrid breeding. This study assessed the variation in yield, pest and disease resistance, biomass composition, and wood density in shrub willow, as well as the impact of genotypic and environmental factors on these particular phenotypes. Analysis of clonal genotypes established on two contrasting sites in New York State, Tully and Belleville, showed statistical differences by site for all of the traits. The greatest yield was observed at Belleville, NY, for two cultivars, 'Fish Creek' (41 Mgha −1 ) and 'Onondaga' (40 Mgha −1 ). Yields of Salix eriocephala genotypes were lowest, and they displayed susceptibility to rust and beetle damage. Variation in cellulose content in the stem biomass was controlled by environmental factors, with the majority of the genotypes displaying greater cellulose content at Belleville compared with Tully. In contrast, wood density was significantly greater at Tully than Belleville, and cellulose content was correlated with wood density. There were no significant correlations between biomass yield and density or any of the composition traits. These trials demonstrate that new genotypes produce improved yield and pest and disease resistance, with diverse compositional traits that can be matched with conversion technologies.

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Section: Genotypic Variation In Wood Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 53%

Yield and Woody Biomass Traits of Novel Shrub Willow Hybrids at Two Contrasting Sites

et al. 2012

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“…The extent of tension wood formation correlates with the degree of leaning (Ohta, 1979). Uprightgrowing stems usually form scattered bands or even isolated tension wood fibers, probably because of bending by wind or growth adjustment (Kaeiser, 1955). Kroll et al (1992) found that 22-63% of the fibres in straight trunks of P. balsamifera (L.) had characteristics of tension wood fibres and these characteristics were more often seen in early wood than in the latewood and in upper parts of the trunk than in the lower parts.…”

Section: Gravity Effects: Tension Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling cell wall formation in the woody dicot stem

Baucher²,

et al. 2001

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Populus is presented as a model system for the study of wood formation (xylogenesis). The formation of wood (secondary xylem) is an ordered developmental process involving cell division, cell expansion, secondary wall deposition, lignification and programmed cell death. Because wood is formed in a variable environment and subject to developmental control, xylem cells are produced that differ in size, shape, cell wall structure, texture and composition. Hormones mediate some of the variability observed and control the process of xylogenesis. High-resolution analysis of auxin distribution across cambial region tissues, combined with the analysis of transgenic plants with modified auxin distribution, suggests that auxin provides positional information for the exit of cells from the meristem and probably also for the duration of cell expansion. Poplar sequencing projects have provided access to genes involved in cell wall formation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate skeleton of the cell wall are briefly reviewed. Most progress has been made in characterizing pectin methyl esterases that modify pectins in the cambial region. Specific expression patterns have also been found for expansins, xyloglucan endotransglycosylases and cellulose synthases, pointing to their role in wood cell wall formation and modification. Finally, by studying transgenic plants modified in various steps of the monolignol biosynthetic pathway and by localizing the expression of various enzymes, new insight into the lignin biosynthesis in planta has been gained.

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“…Avella-Shaw gravité [9,28,39]. Tout déséquilibre morphologique au sein de l'arbre ou toute modification de l'orientation des axes par rapport à la direction de la force de gravité induit chez les angiospermes un gravistimulus qui initie par réaction, au niveau du cambium, la formation du bois de tension [12,14,16,18,25,32,38,39,41,43,47]. Ce tissu se forme générale-ment sur la face supérieure des tiges inclinées et des branches.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effet de la dur�e d'application d'un stimulus gravitationnel sur la formation de bois de tension et de bois oppos� dans de jeunes pousses de peuplier (Populus euramericana cv `Ghoy')

Jourez

Avella-Shaw

2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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Résumé -De jeunes pousses de Peuplier Ghoy ont été maintenues artificiellement inclinées pendant des durées croissantes, afin d'induire la formation de tissus de bois de tension et de bois opposé en réaction au stimulus gravitationnel. Il apparaît que ces pousses sont susceptibles de percevoir et de réagir à un stimulus extrêmement bref à l'échelle d'une période de végétation. Après un temps de présentation de 6 heures, l'ensemble des pousses ont formé un arc de bois opposé. Toutefois, sur la face supérieure, un temps compris entre 24 et 48 heures est nécessaire pour qu'elles perçoivent la modification de leur état d'équilibre et se mettent à former du bois de tension. Après un temps de latence de 48 heures, la formation de fibres gélatineuses est déjà observée sur la face supérieure des tiges. L'augmentation de la durée du stimulus a des répercussions sur le nombre de fibres gélatineuses et sur l'angle d'ouverture de l'arc de bois de tension. Sur la face inférieure, les fibres de bois opposé se forment à un rythme moins soutenu, conduisant à une excentricité de la moelle dans la section de la tige. Le redressement des pousses est effectif après une durée de stimulus comprise entre 4 et 8 jours.stimulus gravitationnel / bois de tension / bois opposé / P. euramericana cv 'Ghoy' Abstract -Effect of gravitational stimulus duration on tension wood formation in young stems of poplar (P. euramericana cv 'Ghoy'). Young shoots of Poplar Ghoy have been inclined artificially during increasing periods to induce the formation of tension and opposite wood tissues as reaction to the gravitational stimulus. The shoots are able to react to an extremely short stimulus according to the scale of the normal growing season. After a presentation time of only 6 hours, the whole of the shoots present an opposite wood arc. However, on the upper face, it takes between 24 and 48 hours, for the shoots to feel the modification of their equilibrium state and start producing tension wood. After 48 hours of latent period, formation of gelatinous fibres can be observed on the upper face of the stem. The increase duration of the stimulus influences the quantity of gelatinous fibres and the arc angle of the tension wood. On the lower face, the opposite wood fibres are produced at a slower rate, causing a pith eccentricity. The shoots will return to the stand-up position after being submitted to a stimulus of approximately 4 to 8 days.gravitational stimulus / tension wood / opposite wood / P. euramericana cv 'Ghoy'

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Frequency and Distribution of Gelatinous Fibers in Eastern Cottonwood

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Woody Biomass Traits of Novel Shrub Willow Hybrids at Two Contrasting Sites

Yield and Woody Biomass Traits of Novel Shrub Willow Hybrids at Two Contrasting Sites

Unravelling cell wall formation in the woody dicot stem

Effet de la dur�e d'application d'un stimulus gravitationnel sur la formation de bois de tension et de bois oppos� dans de jeunes pousses de peuplier (Populus euramericana cv `Ghoy')

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