Frequency analysis of stretch reflex and its main subsystems in triceps surae muscles of the cat.

Rosenthal, N P; McKean, Thomas; Roberts, William J.; Terzuolo, C

doi:10.1152/jn.1970.33.6.713

Cited by 112 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similarly straightforward transduction of spindle input was suggested in the decerebrate cat by the behaviour of single motor units of the gastrocnemius muscle during sinusoidal stretching ( fig. 20 of Rosenthal et al 1970). However, the increased modulation of motor unit discharge at higher frequencies was not matched in our experiments by the mechanical output of the reflex which declined rapidly from a peak magnitude of stiffness at about 5 Hz (500 sum stretching).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…The stretch reflex in the jaw-closing muscles is probably monosynaptic (McIntyre, 1951;Hugelin & Bonvallet, 1956) and there is no convincing evidence of a longer latency stretch reflex during voluntary contraction of the jaw muscles either in the present experiments or in human subjects (Lamarre & Lund, 1975). Thus, the isolated properties of the few elements of the reflex arc might be used to predict the overall behaviour of the reflex (Poppele & Terzuolo, 1968;Rosenthal, McKean, Roberts & Terzuolo, 1970;Stein, 1974 (Matthews & Stein, 1969). In fact, increasing the frequency over the range explored in the present work produced increasingly deep modulation of e.m.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Because of the lags introduced into the reflex response by the contractile properties of the muscles the increased stiffness was more elastic than that seen after interrupting the reflex (cf. Rosenthal et al 1970). It is, however, a matter of debate whether muscle elasticity is of particular value as a means of conserving energy during voluntary movement (Alexander & Bennet-Clark, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The strength of the reflex response to sinusoidal stretch of monkey jaw closing muscles during voluntary contraction.

Goodwin¹,

Hoffman²,

Luschei³

1978

The Journal of Physiology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. Rhesus monkeys were trained to exert steady biting forces of 3-60 N for 1-2 sec. This behaviour was well maintained while sinusoidal or step opening and closing movements were imposed on the jaw.2. The amplitude of the force modulation during sinusoidal stretching was divided by the amplitude of movement to obtain the magnitude of stiffness. This estimate was made at frequencies from 2 to 50 Hz at amplitudes of 100 and 500 #um (half the peak-to-peak movement at the incisors).3. Peak magnitudes of stiffness were seen with frequencies of 8-15 Hz when the amplitude of movement was small; there was a great deal of variation between individual animals. This variation was most striking with mean forces of 25-35 N. The stiffness was greatest in animals that showed considerable spontaneous tremor, and the highest levels of stiffness were often recorded with frequencies near which tremor amplitude was large. A marked phase lag in the force response was often seen during small amplitude stretching at 8-30 Hz. 6. Such reflex responses as persisted after the lesions were small and inhibitory. E.m.g. silences followed both step stretch and release; the response to release was a 'load compensation' that could not be attributed to spindle afferents.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The strength of the reflex response to sinusoidal stretch of monkey jaw closing muscles during voluntary contraction.

Goodwin¹,

Hoffman²,

Luschei³

1978

The Journal of Physiology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mechanical properties of the stretch reflex of the hind limb muscles of the decerebrate cat, determined by imposition of small sinusoidal stretches (Rosenthal et al 1970), are very similar to those of the human jaw stretch reflex. That the properties of the intact reflex were the same in the two experiments implies that the reflex stiffnesses were also about the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Evidence that the human jaw stretch reflex increases the resistance of the mandible to small displacements.

Cooker¹,

Larson²,

Luschei³

1980

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. Small 'step' or sinusoidal displacements were imposed on the mandible while human subjects maintained an average biting force of 10 N. Phase-related changes in the force resisting sinusoidal displacement were used to determine the mechanical stiffness of the human mandibular system as a function of the frequency of stretching.2. Jaw-muscle electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses to 'step' stretches were of 8 msec latency and generated a very substantial force response. Jaw-muscle e.m.g. responses having longer latency were not observed. The force resisting displacement was phase-advanced at all frequencies. 4. Modulation of jaw muscle electrical activity evoked by sinusoidal stretches increased in amplitude as a function of increasing stretch frequency. E.m.g. modulation was 60-100 degrees advanced at frequencies of 1-10 Hz, but the phase decreased at higher frequencies, becoming negative (lagging stretch) at frequencies of 30 Hz and above. These characteristics are consistent with the idea that the jaw stretch reflex is dependent on jaw muscle spindle afferent fibres exciting jaw-closing motoneurones by relatively direct (but not necessarily monosynaptic) connexions.5. The relationship between jaw-muscle activity and voluntary fluctuations of isometric biting force suggests that human jaw muscles can be modelled as a secondorder linear 'filter'. The corner frequency for human jaw muscle is about 3 Hz; thus it would appear to be considerably slower than jaw muscle of monkeys.6. The reflex stiffness of the human mandible, estimated quantitatively on the assumption that human jaw muscle stiffness is similar to the intrinsic stiffness of the gastrocnemius of the cat, ranges between 5 and 9 N'mm at frequencies between 1 and 8 Hz. Since this reflex stiffness is about the same as muscle stiffness in this frequency range, we conclude that the stretch reflex of the human mandible contributes functionally to its postural stability.7. Reflex stiffness appears to be greater in the monkey mandible relative to muscle stiffness than in the human mandible. The difference is argued to be a manifestation of the difference in jaw muscle contraction speed between the two species.

show abstract

“…Examination of the raw data confirmed that this pattern was seen in all cases where harmonics of the stretching frequency were present. Studies in the cat have shown similar discrete bursts of activity phase-locked to cyclic stretching which became more probable as the amplitude of the stretch increased (Jansen and Rack 1966;Rosenthal et al 1970) and human studies also have shown EMG traces in which such saturation was apparent (e.g. Brown et al 1982b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Entrainment to extinction of physiological tremor by spindle afferent input

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study the systematic modulation of wrist flexor muscle activity by imposed joint movement was examined. Ten subjects maintained a constant contraction level (25% of maximum; trial duration: 20 s) in flexor carpi radialis while their wrists were perturbed with 50 different quasi-sinusoidal signals (frequency range: 0.5 -9.5 Hz; amplitude: 0.3° -4.2°). Frequency spectra of wrist position and the rectified and filtered electromyogram (EMG) were determined. The muscle activity was only weakly entrained to imposed movements of small amplitude and low frequency, as shown by a small peak in the EMG spectrum at the frequency of movement, while the most prominent peak in the spectrum was between 9 -15 Hz, corresponding to the frequency range of physiological tremor. The entrainment of muscle activity increased markedly as the amplitude and frequency of the imposed movement increased, to the point of saturation of modulation and harmonic peaks in the spectrum. In parallel with this increase in entrainment, the 9 -15 Hz tremor peak was progressively extinguished. The results are consistent with a coupled oscillator model in which the central oscillatory source(s) of tremor became fully entrained to the imposed movement at the highest amplitudes and frequencies. Such coupling depends on communication between the external forcing oscillator and the central oscillator(s), the Ia afferent signal from the imposed movement being the most likely candidate to provide the entraining signal for the central oscillator(s).

show abstract

Frequency analysis of stretch reflex and its main subsystems in triceps surae muscles of the cat.

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

The strength of the reflex response to sinusoidal stretch of monkey jaw closing muscles during voluntary contraction.

The strength of the reflex response to sinusoidal stretch of monkey jaw closing muscles during voluntary contraction.

Evidence that the human jaw stretch reflex increases the resistance of the mandible to small displacements.

Entrainment to extinction of physiological tremor by spindle afferent input

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About