Frequencies of lipopolysaccharide core types in Escherichia coli strains from bacteraemic patients

Appelmelk, Ben J.; An, Yongbo; Hekker, T. A. M.; Thijs, L. G.; Maclaren, D. M.; Graaf, Johannes de

doi:10.1099/13500872-140-5-1119

Cited by 64 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6 % of the isolates, respectively. However, the results presented by Appelmelk et al (1994) and those presented by Amor et al (2000), although representative of the whole E. coli species, may not accurately reflect the distribution of core types within commensal flora. Subtle relationships between LPS core type and the virulence determinants required to allow an organism to survive in a particular niche may affect the results.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Lps Core Type Detection By Pcr And Docontrasting

confidence: 45%

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The distribution of, and antibody response to, the core lipopolysaccharide region of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and cattle

Gibbs

Stewart

Poxton

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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There are five different core types of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli tend to have the R3 core type. It has been hypothesized that increased carriage of bacteria with a specific core type will induce higher levels of antibodies and protect against disease caused by bacteria carrying that specific LPS core. Approximately 320 isolates of E. coli, half from healthy human faeces and half from healthy bovine faeces have been core typed both by core-specific monoclonal antibodies, and by PCR for genes encoding the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the specific core structures. Results showed that E. coli possessing R1 core LPS were most frequently detected in both human and cattle populations (63 and 49 %, respectively). Compared to the human isolates a significantly higher level of bacteria with R3 core LPS was detected among the bovine commensal E. coli (11 % compared to 4 %; P , 0 . 05). Antibody levels to each of the specific core types were measured in serum samples from healthy humans (n ¼ 91) and healthy cattle (n ¼ 39). In each population the highest level of antibody detected was reactive to the R4 core. In cattle the level of anti-R3 core antibody was significantly higher than the level of anti-R1, -R2 and -K12 antibodies (P , 0 . 01). In summary there was a greater proportion of E. coli with R3 core type in cattle, together with a corresponding higher anti-R3 antibody level. This suggests that cattle may have greater immunity to E. coli strains with an LPS of R3 core type.

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Section: Results and Discussion Lps Core Type Detection By Pcr And Docontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Four were either R4 or K12 but were assigned no core type due to the lack of any anti-K12 or -R4 monoclonal antibodies. Appelmelk et al (1994) investigated the distribution of LPS core types among 68 isolates from positive blood cultures. R1 core LPS was most frequently detected.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Lps Core Type Detection By Pcr And Domentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of, and antibody response to, the core lipopolysaccharide region of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and cattle

Gibbs

Stewart

Poxton

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The core oligosaccharide that links the lipid A to the O-polysaccharide can be of ®ve types, denoted R1±R4 and K12. In several surveys, R1 has been shown to be the most common core type in the LPS of E. coli strains, with the R3 type being uncommon [8,9]. Although not based upon an exhaustive study, our experience indicates that the R3 core is more common in the LPS of diarrhoeagenic strains of E. coli, including many enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli (ETEC and EPEC) strains and some shigellae, than in normal faecal isolates of E. coli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 in health and disease*

Currie

McCALLUM

Poxton

2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a primary defence against GI pathogens. We hypothesise that a mucosal response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), especially to the common (core) determinants of GI pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, is protective. The aims of this study were to investigate the speci®cities, levels and development of humoral responses in health and GI disease to the R3 LPS core and O-polysaccharide of E. coli O157. The purpose was to try to predict whether vaccination or passive immunisation might induce protection. Wherever possible, paired whole gut lavage¯uid (WGLF) and serum samples were collected for comparison of the mucosal and systemic responses. Matched saliva samples were also collected from some study groups. The patient groups included those with acute E. coli O157 disease (serum only), patients convalescing after E. coli O157 infections, and patients undergoing routine investigation for GI conditions but subsequently shown to be immunologically normal. Some samples of WGLF from patients with Crohn's disease (CRO) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were included to allow comparisons with patients with in¯ammatory conditions known to alter antibody secretion in the GI tract. The healthy groups from whom serum and saliva only were taken included blood donors, healthy volunteers and a group of slaughterhouse workers. This latter group was likely to have been exposed regularly to faecal bacteria from animals and antibody speci®cities might have been expected to be different from other healthy individuals. Levels and classes of antibodies were determined by ELISA with microtitration plates coated with polymyxin complexes of whole LPS extracted from E. coli O157 and LPS from the E. coli R3 rough mutant. Antibodies of IgG and IgM classes were measured in serum and IgA was measured in WGLF and saliva. IgG antibodies to the O157 LPS and the R3 core oligosaccharide were detected in the serum of healthy blood donors. Patients with acute E. coli O157 disease showed elevated levels of serum IgM to O157 LPS and R3, with IgG levels raised only to R3. In serum from convalescent patients, IgG to O157 LPS was signi®cantly above the control groups only in the period 6±16 weeks after infection. Total IgA levels were similar in WGLF specimens from all groups, except the patients with UC, whose levels were much higher. Speci®c IgA levels were higher in the E. coli O157 convalescent group, but there were no signi®cant correlations overall. UC patients had signi®cantly lower levels of IgA to O157 and CRO patients had higher O157 IgA levels than UC patients and healthy volunteers. In serum, inhibition of ELISA showed that the response to the O157 LPS was due in part to a response to the R3 oligosaccharide component. This response was much more pronounced in the healthy and non-O157 groups than in convalescent patients. There was no correlation between speci®c IgA antibody levels in saliva and matched specimens of WGLF, and levels in sequential saliva specimens¯uctuated widely. The signi®cant IgG an...

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“…The R1 core OS structure is the most prevalent among clinical isolates of E. coli (7,8) and, along with the R4 core OS structure, is also found in Shigella spp. The assignment of unambiguous glycosyltransferase activity to particular genes in E. coli K-12 and S. enterica sv.…”

Section: Lipopolysaccharide (Lps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether strains containing R1-or R4-type LPS lack a second form of LPS is not known, and the biological impact of these differences is unclear. It is intriguing to note, however, that strains displaying an R1-type core predominate in clinical E. coli (7,8), and both R1 and R4 core types occur in Shigella spp. (33).…”

Section: The Waax Gene Of E Coli F2513 Encodes a Udp-galactose: (Glumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assembly System for the Outer Core Portion of R1- and R4-type Lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli

Heinrichs

Yethon

Amor

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The major core oligosaccharide biosynthesis operons from prototype Escherichia coli strains displaying R1 and R4 lipopolysaccharide core types were polymerase chain reaction-amplified and analyzed. Comparison of deduced products of the open reading frames between the two regions indicate that all but two share total similarities of 94% or greater. Core oligosaccharide structures resulting from nonpolar insertion mutations in each gene of the core OS biosynthesis operon in the R1 strain allowed assignment of all of the glycosyltransferase enzymes required for outer core assembly. The difference between the R1 and R4 core oligosaccharides results from the specificity of the WaaV protein (a ␤1,3-glucosyltransferase) in R1 and WaaX (a ␤1,4-galactosyltransferase) in R4. Complementation of the waaV mutant of the R1 prototype strain with the waaX gene of the R4 strain converted the core oligosaccharide from an R1-to an R4-type lipopolysaccharide core molecule. Aside from generating core oligosaccharide specificity, the unique ␤-linked glucopyranosyl residue of the R1 core plays a crucial role in organization of the lipopolysaccharide. This residue provides a novel attachment site for lipid A-core-linked polysaccharides and distinguishes the R1-type LPS from existing models for enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides.

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Frequencies of lipopolysaccharide core types in Escherichia coli strains from bacteraemic patients

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

The distribution of, and antibody response to, the core lipopolysaccharide region of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and cattle

The distribution of, and antibody response to, the core lipopolysaccharide region of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and cattle

Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 in health and disease*

The Assembly System for the Outer Core Portion of R1- and R4-type Lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli

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