Frequencies and patterns of adverse childhood events in LGBTQ+ youth

Craig, Shelley L.; Austin, Ashley; Levenson, Jill S.; Leung, Vivian W. Y.; Eaton, Andrew; D'Souza, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104623

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contributing to the complexity of their psychological concerns, SGMY also experience higher rates of adverse childhood events than their non-SGMY counterparts [ 15 ]. Of note are the particularly high rates of childhood emotional abuse and neglect [ 16 ], which are linked to increased risk of suicidality and substance dependence in adolescence and adulthood [ 1 ]. Taken together, the experiences of minority stress and trauma can compromise the mental health and coping capacity of SGMY.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of affirmative cognitive behavioural group therapy for sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults in community settings in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective This study tested the efficacy of AFFIRM, a brief affirmative cognitive-behavioural group intervention tailored to reduce psychosocial distress and improve coping among sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults (SGMY). Method SGMY (n = 138; M age = 22.44) were allocated to immediate 8-week AFFIRM intervention delivered at 12 community-based organisations or an 8-week waitlisted control. At baseline, post-intervention or post-waitlist, participants completed self-reported assessments of depression, hope, coping, and stress appraisal. Implementation outcomes of feasibility and acceptability were also assessed. Results Compared to waitlist, SGMY in the intervention condition significantly reduced their depressive symptoms (b = − 5.79, p = .001) as well as increased reports of hope (agency: b = 0.84, p = .001; pathway: b = 0.79, p = .001), and coping by emotional support (b = 0.59, p < .001), instrumental support (b = 0.67, p < .001), positive framing (b = 0.59, p < .001), humour (b = 0.36, p = .014), planning (b = 0.49, p < .001) as well as reflective coping (b = 0.27, p = .009). Intervention participants were also less likely to perceive stress as a threat (b = − 0.43, p = .001), and more likely to perceive stress as challenge (b = 0.67, p < .001) and have the resources to deal with that stress (b = 0.38, p = .016) in comparison to waitlisted control participants. All outcomes had medium to large effect sizes. AFFIRM participants reported low attrition (8.5%) and high levels of engagement and acceptability (e.g. 99% agreed intervention was relevant to their lives). Over 63% of the community organizations that participated in the training hosted AFFIRM at least once during the study. Conclusions Results demonstrate efficacy for the community-based implementation of an affirmative clinical intervention designed for SGMY to address depression and foster coping with universal and minority stressors.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of affirmative cognitive behavioural group therapy for sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults in community settings in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research on trauma and ACEs fairly consistently indicates that transgender individuals (i.e., people whose gender is different to what was presumed for them at birth) are at higher risk for trauma, particularly sexual assault, than their cisgender counterparts (i.e., individuals whose gender identity does match their sex assigned at birth; Cantor et al, 2015;Coulter et al, 2015) and compared to the general population. (Craig et al, 2020). For instance, a recent study among 477 American sexual and gender minority individuals revealed that transgender individuals were more likely to experience emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect than cisgender individuals (OR = 1.90, OR = 1.87, OR = 1.70, respectively; Schnarrs et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

Prior

Carvalheiro

Lawler

et al. 2021

Child Abuse & Neglect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Childhood and adolescent traumas are exceptionally prevalent worldwide. Despite their high prevalence and substantial impact, little research has investigated the rates and specific types of early trauma by gender. It is also unknown whether the types of early trauma are differentially associated with heightened or hindered prosocial attitudes and behaviours. Objective: To address this gap, this study aims to explore the rates of different types of early trauma (i.e., abuse: sexual, physical, and emotional; neglect: physical and emotional) among young Australian adults and investigate whether these differ according to participant gender (female, male and transgender/gender diverse). The study will also examine the associations between the different types of early trauma and current altruistic attitudes and behaviours (including the affective, behavioural and cognitive altruism domains), among a young adult Australian cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 511 young Australians aged 18-20 years using an online self-report survey. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that transgender/gender diverse individuals were over 3-times more likely to experience all types of maltreatment than females and over 3-times more likely to experience emotional and sexual abuse and emotional neglect than males. Experiencing one or more trauma types was negatively associated with the cognitive domain of altruism, experiencing physical neglect was associated with the affective domain, and having a family member involved in domestic violence was associated with the behavioural domain, after controlling for gender. Conclusions: Findings show how early traumatic experiences can influence individuals' attitudes and behaviours during the pivotal developmental period of young adulthood.

show abstract

“…Homelessness is a dynamic state that changes over time (Castellanos, 2016 ) due to the concept of home referring to both a physical space and a safe, supportive, secure environment (McCann & Brown, 2018 ). Adverse childhood experiences or ACEs (e.g., abuse, familial rejection, family conflict) often precipitate homelessness or housing instability (Flentje et al, 2016 ) and SGMY are disproportionately affected by ACEs (Craig et al, 2020a ). Homelessness precipitates psychological and physical distress that for SGMY can be compounded by increased stress concerning their gender and sexuality (Kattari et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Priority Populations Of Sgmymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meyer ( 2015 ) describes resilience for sexual minority youth as a process of experiencing these stressors, both distal (external) and proximal (internal) through harnessing their coping skills in order to positively impact their mental and physical health. The utilization of digital technologies and social media has been found to contribute to the resilience of SGMY even in the face of traumatic events (Craig et al, 2020a ) and is considered safer than offline activity due to the greater ability to produce, manage, and remain in control of their identities and overall comfort online (Craig et al, 2015 ). Given these experiences, digital research methods are accessible, appropriate and potentially preferable to capture the lived experiences of SGMY.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an integrative self: a digital photo elicitation study of resilience among key marginalized populations of sexual and gender minority youth

Craig

Eaton

Kirkland

et al. 2021

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience unique challenges related to identity and disclosure, and cope in vibrant ways. Qualitative research has not yet fulsomely explored the risk, resilience, and identity intersections that impact vulnerable SGMY wellbeing. Methods: This digital photo-elicitation study (QueerView) recruited thirty SGMY (aged 14–29) from priority populations that had one or more of the following experiences: trans and gender diverse, homelessness, child welfare, and immigration. From submission of fifteen photos representing resilience and a semi-structured interview via web conferencing, constructivist grounded theory was utilized for multimodal analysis of photos, interview video, and interview transcript. Triangulation, an audit trail, and member checking were employed to support trustworthiness. Results: A visual model emerged showing how participants work towards an integrative self, with themes of reflecting and knowing, discrimination and intersectional challenges, connecting, performing, curating, coping, (re)defining and (re)creating, growing and being. Sub-themes of the impact of family dynamic and values, mental health and trauma, and the cathartic benefit from advocacy and leadership offered insight. Participant images were captured in a digital gallery. Conclusions: QueerView animates the complex lives of multiply marginalized SGMY and their intersectional strengths and challenges while demonstrating the utility of a digital multimodal approach.

show abstract

Frequencies and patterns of adverse childhood events in LGBTQ+ youth

Cited by 86 publications

References 63 publications

Efficacy of affirmative cognitive behavioural group therapy for sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults in community settings in Ontario, Canada

Efficacy of affirmative cognitive behavioural group therapy for sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults in community settings in Ontario, Canada

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

Towards an integrative self: a digital photo elicitation study of resilience among key marginalized populations of sexual and gender minority youth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About