French mosquito populations invaded by A2-B2 esterases causing insecticide resistance

Rivet, Yannick

doi:10.1006/bijl.1993.1035

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This hypothesis is based on (1) the existence of much neutral polymorphism around the esterase B structural gene in susceptible mosquitoes, and (2) the presence of the same amplified haplotype in populations from distant geographical areas. The second point has been substantially documented (Qiao & Raymond, 1995;Raymond et al 1991;Raymond & Marquine, 1994;Rivet, Marquine & Raymond, 1993;Severini et al 1994;Vaughan et al 1995;Xu et al 1994), and the first point is now supported by the present study of populations from England, Belgium and northern France. In addition, there is direct (Highton & Van Someren, 1970) and indirect Pasteur et al 1995) evidence of large scale migration of this mosquito by passive transportation by man, and the presence of one female with A2-B2 in a plane has been established (Curtis & White, 1984).…”

Section: (V) the Migration Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In addition, there is direct (Highton & Van Someren, 1970) and indirect Pasteur et al 1995) evidence of large scale migration of this mosquito by passive transportation by man, and the presence of one female with A2-B2 in a plane has been established (Curtis & White, 1984). The local invasion of A2-B2 in southern France has been documented: A2-B2 was first found near the international Marseille airport and seaport, and has spread within few years in all surrounding OP-treated areas (Rivet et al 1993).…”

Section: (V) the Migration Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterase polymorphism in insecticide susceptible populations of the mosquitoCulex pipiens

1996

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Gene amplification involving a particular haplotype has been found at the esterase B locus of mosquitoes from various countries. This similarity has been explained by a unique amplification event followed by migration and selection by organophosphate (OP) insecticides. This assumes that the polymorphism of non-amplified esterase haplotypes is so large that the chance of independent amplification in two distinct populations is negligible. In order to test this assumption, three susceptible populations from northern Europe were sampled and analysed for esterase and haplotype polymorphism. At the protein level, 18 and 16 alleles were found for esterase A and B respectively in one French population (n = 74), and 16 and 14 in an English one (n = 50). At the DNA level, 24 alleles at the esterase B locus were detected in a sample of 72 mosquitoes from one population, with the use of only one restriction enzyme (EcoR V). Restriction maps of two nonamplified haplotypes randomly sampled from a single breeding site in Belgium were built with six restriction enzymes. 60% of all restriction sites were different among the two maps. The huge polymorphism found in northern Europe requires specific explanations for its stability, but it considerably strengthens the hypothesis of migration of amplified haplotypes.

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Section: (V) the Migration Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: (V) the Migration Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterase polymorphism in insecticide susceptible populations of the mosquitoCulex pipiens

1996

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“…A2-B2 is currently under a world-wide expansion (Raymond et al 1991;Rivet et al 1993), and this is the first report of its presence in the Iberian peninsula. Its frequency is low, which is compatible with a recent introduction and further supported by its absence in a previous, but more limited, sampling of the same area in 1991 .…”

Section: (I) Are the Various Life History Traits Clustered In Two Dismentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Al, A4-B4 and A2-B2 have been shown to each have a unique and recent origin, so that their present geographic distribution is only explained by migration (Raymond et al 1991(Raymond et al , 1992Rivet et al 1993;Raymond & Marquine, 1994;Chevillon et al 1995a;Qiao & Raymond, 1995).…”

Section: (I) Are the Various Life History Traits Clustered In Two Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensalism, adaptation and gene flow: mosquitoes of theCulex pipienscomplex in different habitats

et al. 1995

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Two ecotypes have been described for Culex pipiens mosquitoes of the temperate zone: a human commensal type and a feral type, but their degree of evolutionary differentiation and taxonomic status are still unclear. The commensal form is characterized by life-history traits probably adaptive to underground man-made environments. This situation has sometimes been considered as an example of recent speciation although the existence of intermediate forms indicates that the balance between gene flow and disruptive selection should first be assessed. The present study was concerned with (1) the determination of biological traits involved in adaptation to commensalism, and (2) the pattern of gene flow within and between ecotypes in a restricted area. It was found that (1) significant differences in biological traits exist between mosquitoes from different habitats, (2) characteristics of the commensal type are not universal in mosquitoes from underground manmade habitats, (3) allozyme markers do not clearly differentiate ecotypes and (4) insecticide resistance genes, which reveal recent migration, occur in each ecotype. These results are discussed in the context of possible speciation due to commensalism.

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“…pyrethroid resistance in house flies (Keiding, 1999;Shono et al, 2002) or organophosphate resistance in Culex mosquitoes ). With continued selection, new resistance alleles can arise and replace existing alleles (Chevillon et al, 1999;Lenormand et al, 1999;Raymond and Pasteur, 1996;Rivet et al, 1993). The ability to track individual resistance alleles in field populations has added tremendously to our understanding of the evolutionary process .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of insecticide resistance alleles in house fly populations from New York and Florida

Rinkevich

Hamm

Geden

et al. 2007

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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French mosquito populations invaded by A2-B2 esterases causing insecticide resistance

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Esterase polymorphism in insecticide susceptible populations of the mosquitoCulex pipiens

Esterase polymorphism in insecticide susceptible populations of the mosquitoCulex pipiens

Commensalism, adaptation and gene flow: mosquitoes of theCulex pipienscomplex in different habitats

Dynamics of insecticide resistance alleles in house fly populations from New York and Florida

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