“…Cells experience dehydration when undergoing freezing, leading to an increased liquid crystalline‐to‐gel phase transition temperature (Odintsova et al . ). As the liquid–gel phase transition temperature increases, the lipid bilayer structure is gradually pushed closer together, exerting mechanical stress that destabilises the membrane structure (Crowe et al .…”
Section: Function Of Sugarmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…), sea urchin embryos (Bellas & Paredes ; Odintsova et al . ) and starfish oocytes (Hamaratoglu et al . ).…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trehalose has been used for the cryopreservation of embryos of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Bellas & Paredes ) and Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Odintsova et al . ) and for late‐stage embryos of Cr. gigas (Chao et al .…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bellas and Paredes () applied DMSO, and Odintsova et al . () used EG to cryopreserve sea urchin. Moreover, because of the differences in species, CPT compatibility also varied according to the developmental stage of the embryo (Asahina & Takahashi ; Adams et al .…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Odintsova et al . () used 16–24 h post‐fertilisation (hpf) embryos for St. intermedius , and Bellas and Paredes () used blastula‐stage embryos (7 hpf) for Pa. lividus . Regarding methodology, Odintsova et al .…”
Cryopreservation has been extensively used in various mega‐industries and has recently been applied in genetic banking for conservation purposes. Compared with conventional cell preservation methods, cryopreservation can maintain the viability of cryopreserved cells for an indefinite time at a relatively lower cost and lesser manpower, with lower probabilities of contamination and genetic changes. This study presents the crucial role of sugar, a cryoprotectant supplement in cryopreservation. Sugar molecules typically interact with the lipid bilayer during the freezing phase to maintain plasma membrane integrity when cells undergo dehydration. When combined with other permeable cryoprotectants such as glucose with methanol and trehalose with dimethyl sulphoxide, sugar prolongs and enhances cellular post‐thaw viability. Moreover, terrestrial and marine organisms have benefited from the inclusion of sugar in the cryopreservation protocol. For wide range of cells such as the sperm, oocytes, embryos and larvae of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as marine algae, cryopreservation with sugar produced positive results compared with cryopreservation without sugar. Not all sugar is beneficial, and the type and concentration of sugar should be applied according to the species. Moreover, the freezing method may also affect the function of sugar. Nevertheless, understanding the role of sugar in cryobiology and conducting a preliminary trial of sugar for cryopreserving cells would benefit future research on cryopreservation.
“…Cells experience dehydration when undergoing freezing, leading to an increased liquid crystalline‐to‐gel phase transition temperature (Odintsova et al . ). As the liquid–gel phase transition temperature increases, the lipid bilayer structure is gradually pushed closer together, exerting mechanical stress that destabilises the membrane structure (Crowe et al .…”
Section: Function Of Sugarmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…), sea urchin embryos (Bellas & Paredes ; Odintsova et al . ) and starfish oocytes (Hamaratoglu et al . ).…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trehalose has been used for the cryopreservation of embryos of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Bellas & Paredes ) and Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Odintsova et al . ) and for late‐stage embryos of Cr. gigas (Chao et al .…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bellas and Paredes () applied DMSO, and Odintsova et al . () used EG to cryopreserve sea urchin. Moreover, because of the differences in species, CPT compatibility also varied according to the developmental stage of the embryo (Asahina & Takahashi ; Adams et al .…”
Section: Marine Invertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Odintsova et al . () used 16–24 h post‐fertilisation (hpf) embryos for St. intermedius , and Bellas and Paredes () used blastula‐stage embryos (7 hpf) for Pa. lividus . Regarding methodology, Odintsova et al .…”
Cryopreservation has been extensively used in various mega‐industries and has recently been applied in genetic banking for conservation purposes. Compared with conventional cell preservation methods, cryopreservation can maintain the viability of cryopreserved cells for an indefinite time at a relatively lower cost and lesser manpower, with lower probabilities of contamination and genetic changes. This study presents the crucial role of sugar, a cryoprotectant supplement in cryopreservation. Sugar molecules typically interact with the lipid bilayer during the freezing phase to maintain plasma membrane integrity when cells undergo dehydration. When combined with other permeable cryoprotectants such as glucose with methanol and trehalose with dimethyl sulphoxide, sugar prolongs and enhances cellular post‐thaw viability. Moreover, terrestrial and marine organisms have benefited from the inclusion of sugar in the cryopreservation protocol. For wide range of cells such as the sperm, oocytes, embryos and larvae of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as marine algae, cryopreservation with sugar produced positive results compared with cryopreservation without sugar. Not all sugar is beneficial, and the type and concentration of sugar should be applied according to the species. Moreover, the freezing method may also affect the function of sugar. Nevertheless, understanding the role of sugar in cryobiology and conducting a preliminary trial of sugar for cryopreserving cells would benefit future research on cryopreservation.
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