Freezing injury of seed corn

Kiesselbach, T. A.; Ratcliff, J. A.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.110107

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The lack of acquisition of desiccation tolerance and thus, seed immaturity, are critical factor in determining the extent of freezing injury in corn (Hartwigsen, 1999;Kiesselbach and Ratcliff, 1920). In this study seeds were subjected to an artificial frost when they were immature and, consequently, damage should have been extensive.…”

Section: Frost Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for analyzing corn kernel damage and viability of soybean and corn kernels

Agelet

Ellis²,

Duvick

et al. 2012

Journal of Cereal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current US corn grading system accounts for the portion of damaged kernels, measured by timeconsuming and inaccurate visual inspection. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-destructive and fast analytical method, was tested as a tool for discriminating corn kernels with heat and frost damage. Four classification algorithms were utilized: Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). The feasibility of NIRS for discriminating normal or viable-germinating corn kernels and soybean seeds from abnormal or dead seeds was also tested. This application could be highly valuable for seed breeders and germplasm-preservation managers because current viability tests are based on a destructive method where the seed is germinated. Heat-damaged corn kernels were best discriminated by PLS-DA, with 99% accuracy. The discrimination of frost-damaged corn kernels was not possible. Discrimination of non-viable seeds from viable also was not possible. Since previous results in the literature contradict the current damagediscrimination results, the threshold of seed damage necessary for NIRS detection should be analyzed in the future. NIRS may accurately classify seeds based on changes due to damage, without any correlation with germination. KeywordsAgronomy, Seed Science Center, single seed, near infrared spectroscopy, discrimination The current US corn grading system accounts for the portion of damaged kernels, measured by timeconsuming and inaccurate visual inspection. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-destructive and fast analytical method, was tested as a tool for discriminating corn kernels with heat and frost damage. Four classification algorithms were utilized: Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). The feasibility of NIRS for discriminating normal or viable-germinating corn kernels and soybean seeds from abnormal or dead seeds was also tested. This application could be highly valuable for seed breeders and germplasm-preservation managers because current viability tests are based on a destructive method where the seed is germinated. Heat-damaged corn kernels were best discriminated by PLS-DA, with 99% accuracy. The discrimination of frost-damaged corn kernels was not possible. Discrimination of non-viable seeds from viable also was not possible. Since previous results in the literature contradict the current damage-discrimination results, the threshold of seed damage necessary for NIRS detection should be analyzed in the future. NIRS may accurately classify seeds based on changes due to damage, without any correlation with germination.

show abstract

Section: Frost Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for analyzing corn kernel damage and viability of soybean and corn kernels

Agelet

Ellis²,

Duvick

et al. 2012

Journal of Cereal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GORTNER (6) suggests that an explanation for this may also be found in the free-bound water equilibrium of the seeds. The data of KIESSELBACH and RATCLIFF (12), on the relative germination of seed corn of varying moisture content after exposure to low temperatures, likewise show that death from freezing is directly related to the moisture content of the grain and the temperature of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amounts of Bound and Free Water in an Organic Colloid at Different Degrees of Hydration

Chrysler

1934

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Holbert and Burlison (1929) found that inbred lines of corn showed a wide variation in cold tolerance, particularly in the autumn, when the grains were ripening on the ear. These authors found that at a time when the plants were 4 to 6 inches high, some inbreds escaped without injury after the temperature had fallen to -4 C.Dry grains are relatively immune from true frost injur}', but grains may he killed by exposure to low temperatures either on the cob before ripening has been completed, or after water absorbtion has taken place prior to germination (Kiesselbach, 1920). In general, it would appear that frost sensitivity increases with the degree of hydration of the cytoplasm, although there may be many other important modifying factors (Rossman, '949)-Chilling injury has been little investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Seed and Seedling Mortality

Harper

1956

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(With Plates 2 and 3 and 3 figures in the text)Cold is considered to injure maize grains and seedlings in three ways: by [a) true frost damage, which is usually associated with the formation of ice within the tissues of the plant, [b) chilling injury, which may be induced hy exposure to temperatures just above the freezing point, and [c) indirect injury at temperatures between o and 20 C. caused by soil-borne and seed-borne organisms which attack the grains or seedlings under conditions which preclude active growth of the plants but not of the pathogens.Freezing injury has been the subject of several detailed studies and reviews -see for example Scarth (1944) and Levitt (1941 and1951). The majority of maize varieties are sensitive to frost at most stages of development, but a few show marked tolerance and it is claimed that some Mexican races grown by the Tarahumare Indians can withstand severe frosts after reaching a height of 2 ft. (Jenkins, 1941). Holbert and Burlison (1929) found that inbred lines of corn showed a wide variation in cold tolerance, particularly in the autumn, when the grains were ripening on the ear. These authors found that at a time when the plants were 4 to 6 inches high, some inbreds escaped without injury after the temperature had fallen to -4 C.Dry grains are relatively immune from true frost injur}', but grains may he killed by exposure to low temperatures either on the cob before ripening has been completed, or after water absorbtion has taken place prior to germination (Kiesselbach, 1920). In general, it would appear that frost sensitivity increases with the degree of hydration of the cytoplasm, although there may be many other important modifying factors (Rossman, '949)-Chilling injury has been little investigated. Sellschop and Salmon (192.8) have given a general review of the literature up to that date. The general indications are that maize is slightly injured by exposure for 48 hours to temperatures between 0.5-and 5.0° C. The injuries do not develop until 5 to 10 days after chilling, when light yellow transverse bands appear on the leaves. This result is similar to that obtained by Molisch (1896) for the efl'ect of chilling injury on sugar cane. Perhaps the most signiflcant observation made by Sellschop and Salmon is that 'Microscopic examination of maize root sections from chilled and unchilled plants showed brown lesions on the roots of chilled plants only. Mycelia were found in apparently healthy root sections of chilled plants, while plants not chilled failed to reveal any abnormalities either internally or externally. ' Early studies by Dickson et al. (1923) on the liability of maize grains and seedlings to attack by Gibberella saubinetii at low temperatures, have been follow ed by investigations which have revealed that many other fungi, especially species of Pythiurn, are active in NP 35

show abstract

Freezing injury of seed corn

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for analyzing corn kernel damage and viability of soybean and corn kernels

Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for analyzing corn kernel damage and viability of soybean and corn kernels

Amounts of Bound and Free Water in an Organic Colloid at Different Degrees of Hydration

Studies in Seed and Seedling Mortality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About