Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increase Near-Surface Aggregate Stability

Lehrsch, G.A.

doi:10.1097/00010694-199801000-00009

Cited by 101 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Coarse-textured soils can be less resistant to wind erosion than fine-textured soils because the particle-size distribution has a strong influence on the soil aggregate stability (Lyles and Tatarko, 1986;Lehrsch, 1998;Dagesse, 2011). Table 2 shows that the soil textural class for the study plots was sandy loam.…”

Section: Soil Texture and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Blanco‐Canqui

Tatarko²,

Stalker³

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Implications of corn (Zea mays l.) residue grazing and baling on wind erosion in integrated crop-livestock systems are not well understood. This study (i) determined soil properties affecting wind erosion potential including dry aggregate-size distribution, geometric mean diameter (GMD), geometric standard deviation of dry aggregates, and wind-erodible fraction (WEF), (ii) correlated these properties with soil organic C (SOC) and particulate organic matter (POM), and (iii) simulated soil loss using the Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) model after 7 and 8 yr of irrigated no-till corn residue management in a semiarid region in west-central Nebraska. residue treatments were: control (no residue removal), light grazing (2.5 animal unit months [AUM] ha −1 ), heavy grazing (5.0 AUM ha −1 ), and baling. We simulated soil loss for a 3-h windstorm with a wind velocity of 13 m s −1 . Soil properties differed in spring but not in fall. Baling reduced 6.3-to 45-mm macroaggregates by 37% and GMD by 80% and increased WEF by 25% relative to the control. light and heavy grazing, after 8 yr, significantly reduced 6.3-to 14-mm macroaggregates 43% compared with the control and tended to reduce GMD and increase WEF, although not statistically significant. As residue cover decreased, GMD decreased and WEF increased. residue removal did not reduce SOC and POM concentrations, but soil erodibility decreased as POM increased. Simulation showed that soil erodibility increased as residue cover decreased in spring, and baling increased the wind erosion potential. Overall, residue baling increases the wind erosion potential but residue grazing has smaller effects in this semiarid environment.Abbreviations: AUM, animal unit month; GMD, geometric mean diameter of dry aggregates; GSD, geometric standard deviation; SOC, soil organic carbon; POM, particulate organic matter; WEF, wind-erodible fraction. C orn residues provide numerous services for crop and livestock production, biofuel production, protection of soil, and environmental quality. For example, corn residues are considered an inexpensive cattle feed source in times when the availability of forage is limited. Residues are grazed by livestock, baled as animal feed, and mixed with ethanol co-products (i.e., distillers grains) for cattle feed. Corn residues are also potential feedstocks for the production of secondgeneration biofuels. The long-term impacts of grazing and baling of corn residues on soil services have not yet been fully investigated (Nelson et al., 2015).One of the services that should be further considered prior to residue removal is wind erosion control. Particularly in semiarid regions such as the central Great Plains, the presence of abundant crop residue cover is essential for controlling wind erosion. Recent estimates have shown that removal of corn residues at rates as low as 10 to 30% could increase the risks of wind erosion in semiarid regions, depending on the amount of residue produced (Miner et al., 2013 Core Ideas• Corn residue baling incre...

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Section: Soil Texture and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Blanco‐Canqui

Tatarko²,

Stalker³

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…The effect is lessened at low moisture contents, as ice crystals are able to complete their growth before applying disruptive forces on the soil matrices (Bullock et al 1988). The idea of aggregate disintegration in response to freeze/thaw is complicated by the fact that aggregates generally increase in stability with the first few FTC, then decrease in stability with successive cycles thereafter (Lehrsch et al 1991;Lehrsch 1998). In many parts of the world it is very likely, however, that soils will be subjected to many repeated FTC overwinter and in early spring, especially in surface layers that may freeze and thaw daily (Henry 2007;Henry 2008).…”

Section: Aggregate Disintegrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Simultaneous Soil Profile N₂ O Concentration and Surface N₂ O Flux Measurements Overwinter and at Spring Thaw in an Agricultural Soil

Risk

Wagner-Riddle

Furon

et al. 2014

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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“…When averaged across years, seasons, and treatments, MWD at 0 to 5 mm was 1.07 mm, significantly less (P<0.033) than the 1.21 mm at 5 to 50 mm. Tillage, cultivation, early-season sprinkler droplet kinetic energy, repeated freezing and thawing, or any combination of these or other factors could have accounted for MWD, or other measures of soil structure, being less near the surface than at depth (Bullock et al, 1988;Lehrsch, 1998;Lehrsch and Kincaid, 2006).…”

Section: Radish Effects On Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) reduces sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) populations. Fall-incorporated radish biomass may also increase the yield and quality of subsequently grown sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by improving soil physical and hydraulic properties. This field study determined radish effects on nearsurface soil aggregate stability, water-stable aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and field-saturated water content, as well as infiltration and hydraulic conductivity measured at water supply potentials of -40, -20, and +0 mm H 2 O. In 2003 and 2004 in Twin Falls, ID, radish were grown in a Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) for about 10 weeks in the fall, then incorporated later that fall by disking, followed by moldboard plowing. In early May of the following year, sugarbeet were planted, irrigated, then harvested for yield and quality. In the spring and fall of each sugarbeet growing season, soil samples were collected from two depths, 0 to 5 and 5 to 50 mm, on which we measured aggregate stability and size distribution by wet sieving. Soil cores were collected from 0 to 34 mm to measure bulk density. Also in spring and fall, we used ponded and tension infiltrometers placed in the row to measure steadystate, unconfined infiltration rates and, from those rates, to Additional key words: Raphanus sativus, cover crop, Beta vulgaris, aggregate stability, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity W ater use efficiency is increased by improving soil water relations, such as infiltration or water retention, for crops grown in rotation. Adding oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) as a temperate-region, non-legume green manure into crop rotations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and/or sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) may enhance soil water relations.Green manures are crops that, while still green or soon after maturity, are incorporated into soil to improve the soil's physical, chemical, or biological properties and thereby increase the succeeding crop's yield, quality, or both (Cherr et al., 2006). Additions of organic matter, including that from an incorporated green manure, are commonly thought to increase soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992). Amendments can also reduce bulk density, alter soil pore size distributions, reduce a soil's susceptibility to erosion, and slow the formation of surface seals and crusts, thereby maintaining infiltration rates and thus delaying runoff (Bresson et al., 2001;Edmeades, 2003;Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Organic amendment effects on a soil's water-holding capacity (WHC) may or may not occur (Głąb and Kulig, 2008;MacRae and Mehuys, 1985). Adding organic matter may increase both the field capacity and permanent wilting point, resulting in little or no net change (Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Alternatively, such additions may decrease WHC, due to decreases in bulk density and chang...

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Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increase Near-Surface Aggregate Stability

Cited by 101 publications

References 19 publications

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Comparison of Simultaneous Soil Profile N₂ O Concentration and Surface N₂ O Flux Measurements Overwinter and at Spring Thaw in an Agricultural Soil

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

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Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increase Near-Surface Aggregate Stability

Cited by 101 publications

References 19 publications

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Comparison of Simultaneous Soil Profile N2 O Concentration and Surface N2 O Flux Measurements Overwinter and at Spring Thaw in an Agricultural Soil

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

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Product

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About

Comparison of Simultaneous Soil Profile N₂ O Concentration and Surface N₂ O Flux Measurements Overwinter and at Spring Thaw in an Agricultural Soil