Freeze-fracture study of the chromaffin cell during exocytosis: Evidence for connections between the plasma membrane and secretory granules and for movements of plasma membrane-associated particles

Aunis, Dominique; Hesketh, John E.; Devilliers, Ginette

doi:10.1007/bf00233568

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, when the cells were stimulated, this decrease in mobility often preceded the disappearance of the granule, likely because of fusion with the plasma membrane (Steyer et al, 1997;Oheim and Stuhmer, 2000b;Toomre et al, 2000). Chromaffin granules are also known to interact with f-actin (Fowler and Pollard, 1982) and to be separated from the plasma membrane by an electron-dense space (Aunis et al, 1979). These tethers were visualized at regions of the plasma membrane without preference for the synaptic junction, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Translocation of presynaptic delta opioid receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray after swim stress

Commons

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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Immunolabeling for the delta opioid receptor (DOR) is localized primarily to axon terminals in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). However, rather than on the plasma membrane, DOR immunoreactivity is usually located within the cytoplasmic compartment, often associated with dense-core vesicles. In this study, the hypothesis that a behavioral stimulus, a cold water swim stress (3 minutes at 4 degrees C; CWSS), could initiate the translocation of the DOR was tested. The subcellular distribution of DOR was examined using a preembedding immunogold-labeling method and ultrastructural analysis in control rats and in rats that had a CWSS. In both cases, dense-core vesicles associated with DOR labeling were often within 100 nm of the plasma membrane. When the dense-core vesicles were near the plasma membrane, sometimes electron-dense "tethers" appeared between the vesicle and the plasma membrane. However, in rats exposed to CWSS, there was a decrease in immunolabeling associated with dense-core vesicles that were near the plasma membrane and a significant increase in DOR immunoreactivity associated with the plasma membrane. In addition, there was a significant increase in the fraction of DOR immunoreactivity associated with large clear-core vesicles; possibly early endosomes. Moreover, after a CWSS, dense-core vesicles containing DOR immunoreactivity could be visualized fusing with the plasma membrane of synaptic boutons. These data suggest the involvement of DOR in the vlPAG in the behavioral response to CWSS. Furthermore, the results support the hypothesis that the cell surface distribution of presynaptic receptors can be regulated in an activity-dependent manner by virtue of transport via dense-core vesicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Translocation of presynaptic delta opioid receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray after swim stress

Commons

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Some of the particular features of Paramecium regulated secretion are also found in other systems: the cortical granules of oocytes (Gulyas, 1980) and the subpopulation of synaptic vesicles that is ready for membrane fusion in nerve terminals (Pieribone et al, 1995) are docked under the plasma membrane; rosette-like intramembranous particles have been observed above docked synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction (Heuser et al, 1979) and links between secretory granules and plasma membrane have been detected in chromaffin cells (Aunis et al, 1979) and in mast cells (Chandler and Heuser, 1980). However, these links are generally hard to visualize since they cover a small portion of the vesicle area and i 1997 by The American Society for Cell Biology often appear transiently during the stage of membrane fusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic approach to regulated exocytosis using functional complementation in Paramecium: identification of the ND7 gene required for membrane fusion.

Skouri

Cohen

1997

MBoC

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Paramecium is a unicellular organism that possesses a specialized pathway for regulated secretion that is amenable to genetic studies. Numerous mutations affecting the process have been isolated over the years, among which is a subclass blocking the terminal step of fusion of the secretory granule with the plasma membrane. We report herein the cloning by functional complementation of one such gene, ND7. The 506-amino acid polypeptide encoded by ND7 is predicted to be a type I integral membrane protein with a highly charged cytosolic domain featuring amphipathic and coiled-coil regions. This structure is compatible with the physiological data on the mutant nd7-1 suggesting that the protein is anchored in the membrane of the secretory granule and that it may interact with other proteins. This work presents the first identification by a genetic approach of a novel gene involved in regulated secretion and establishes Paramecium as a powerful model system for the genetic dissection of this process.

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“…157). Even chromaffin granules may make connections with the plasmalemma before exocytosis (158). Affinity chromatography of detergent-solublized chromaffin cell plasma membrane proteins on a column of glutaraldehyde-fixed chromaffin granules results in purification of a 51-kd protein, distinct from actin or tubulin, that is a possible docking protein (159).…”

Section: Kinetics Of the Release Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Description of Nerve Terminal Function

Reichardt¹,

Kelly²

1983

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

226

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The nerve terminal is a specialized region of a neuron, separated from the neuronal soma by an axon that can be exceedingly long, whose function is to release neurotransmitter when stimulated by an electrical signal carried by the axon. In this review, we describe the enzymes, channels, and other proteins presently thought to be important in nerve terminal function. Recent progress in the area has been so dramatic that it is becoming possible to relate simple changes in behavior to modifications of defined proteins in particular nerve terminals.Neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles and are released by fusion of these vesicles to the plasma membrane. Vesicle fusion is triggered by Ca 2+ -influx through specific Ca 2+ channels that open in response to depolarization of the plasma membrane and is terminated by the disappearance of Ca 2+ from the vicinities of the active zones. The voltage signal that opens the Ca 2+ gates is not constant, but also subject to regulation. The key elements are the Na + and K + channels in the nerve terminal. These channels are localized to distinct regions of many neurons and different neurons have different quantities of the different channel types. The voltage sensitive Na + channel is responsible for depolarizing the membrane. This channel has recently been purified and reconstituted in artificial membranes, so many of its properties are known. K + channels are responsible for repolarizing the membrane. Several K + channels have been identified: some activated by voltage, some by intracellular Ca 2+ and others by neurotransmitters. The properties of several of these have recently been shown to be altered by cAMP-dependent protein kinases, resulting in long-term changes in neuronal activity and the efficiency of synaptic transmission. The voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels can also be modified by cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Many of the neurotransmitters and hormones that modulate the efficiency of transmitter release apparently do so by modifying the Ca 2+ channels. Much of the recent progress in molecular studies on the K + and Ca 2+ channels has been made possible by a dramatic new technique called "patch clamping" that permits individual ion channels to be examined on the tip of a microelectrode. In many ways this technology circumvents the need for biochemical isolation and reconstitution.Maintenance of the Na + and K + concentrations in neurons requires the classical Na, + K + -ATPase that is found in all cell types. Recent experiments suggest that a novel form of this enzyme exists in neural tissues. This pump appears to be localized to anatomically and functionally distinct regions of many neurons. To restore the cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentrations to original levels, the nerve terminal has an array of Ca 2+ removal systems including a Na + :Ca 2+ antiporter in the plasma membrane, a Ca 2+ porter in the mitochondrial inner membrane and several distinct ATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake systems in the plasma membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and synaptic vesicles.The...

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Freeze-fracture study of the chromaffin cell during exocytosis: Evidence for connections between the plasma membrane and secretory granules and for movements of plasma membrane-associated particles

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Translocation of presynaptic delta opioid receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray after swim stress

Translocation of presynaptic delta opioid receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray after swim stress

Genetic approach to regulated exocytosis using functional complementation in Paramecium: identification of the ND7 gene required for membrane fusion.

A Molecular Description of Nerve Terminal Function

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