Freeze drying for microencapsulation of α‐linolenic acid rich oil: A functional ingredient from Lepidium sativum seeds

Abstract

Lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are of great importance to the food industry. However, due to unsaturation they are highly prone to rancidity, thereby presenting an enormous technological challenge. Emulsification and subsequent microencapsulation of oil forms a protective micro‐environment for these bioactives. Further, freeze drying of emulsified lipids is used to enhance shelf‐life of the dietary targets. In the current study, α‐linolenic acid (ALA) rich oil from Lepidium sativum seed was stabilized through microencapsulation by freeze drying. O/W emulsion was prepared using a combination of gum ghatti, gum arabic, and soy protein isolate. Thereafter induced coacervates were lyophilized by the batch method in a tray dryer. The encapsulation procedure was optimized by the central composite design, through variation of parameters such as the ratio between gum and soy protein isolate (SPI), wall and core and the speed of homogenization. The response was measured in terms of microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) with the maxima of 81.11% for the parameter values of Gum:SPI at 0.32, Wall:Core at 2 and homogenization speed of 10 000 rpm. The prepared emulsion was characterized through ζ‐potential, viscosity, and droplet size measurements while the encapsulated product was deliberated through Raman spectroscopy and aw evaluations. Practical applications: Dietary requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is seldom met by a vegetarian diet and therefore for the benefit of the vegetarian population, novel food products incorporating vegetarian PUFA need to be developed. However, rancidity is a major problem encountered while working on unsaturated molecules. Thus to gain maximum benefit from these functional lipids one needs to design stable bioavailable ingredients. With this in mind, the focus of the current study was formulation and process optimization to obtain encapsulated oil. Freeze drying process for microencapsulation leads to superior quality capsules due to the low temperature conditions. In this way L. sativum seed oil was explored for the first time to develop α‐linolenic acid rich bioactive ingredient. Microencapsulation of PUFA rich oil by freeze drying. In the current study α‐linolenic acid rich oil was extracted from Lepidium sativum and processed into a functional ingredient by freeze drying. Soxhlet extracted oil along with SPI, gum arabic, and gum ghatti was utilized for formation of coacervates. Encapsulated oil in the form of coacervates was then dehydrated to form microcapsules in a freeze dryer. The capsules were then analyzed for microencapsulation efficiency and capsule composition. The optimized capsules can be used to deliver α‐linolenic acid rich oil in novel targeted food products.

Improving oxidative stability and release behavior of docosahexaenoic acid algae oil by microencapsulation

“…Besides reducing oxidative deterioration of bioactive compounds, appropriately controlled release of the compounds can also be achieved by microencapsulation . Different microencapsulation techniques such as spray drying, fluid bed coating and freeze drying have been developed for encapsulating sensitive substances . Among them, spray drying is commonly used for large‐scale encapsulation of fat or oil due to its low cost and easy access …”

Intervensi O. bacilicum terhadap Kandungan Protein dan Karakteristik Sensorik S. platensis

“…Metode maupun enkapsulan yang digunakan sangat berpengaruh terhadap mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan (Peanparkdee et al 2016). Freeze drying merupakan metode mikroenkapsulasi yang dapat mempertahankan stabilitas suatu bahan dan memperlambat degradasi senyawa aktif dan melindungi produk yang sensitif terhadap panas serta menghasilkan produk yang lebih stabil (Nireesha et al 2013;Naik et al 2014).…”

Microencapsulation of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oils in β-lactoglobulin

“…The encapsulation efficiency of essential oils was determined by direct solvent extraction method, using n-hexane as the solvent [36][37][38][39][40]. For each replicate, 1 g of freeze-dried powder was weighed into a centrifugation tube, which was then filled with 10 mL of nhexane.…”