Freeze cast support for hydrogen separation membrane

Materials prepared by Freezing-Induced Self-Assembly of Dispersed Solutes: A Review

“…In recent years, there has been extensive investigation of the mechanism of ice templating, leading to a deeper understanding of the methods to control structure formation using this process. This has resulted in the use of ice templating to create well controlled self-assembled structures such as colloidal chains, 34,35 2D colloidal sheets, 36 fibers, membranes, [37][38][39] core-shell fibers, 40 flakes, 41 porous micro-spheres, 42 and 3D porous monoliths based on ceramics, [43][44][45] polymers, 46 biomacromolecules, [47][48][49][50] metals [51][52][53] and carbon based materials. [54][55][56][57][58][59] Functional materials with remarkable properties have been prepared using ice-templating.…”