Freestanding Polyelectrolyte Films as Sensors for Osmotic Pressure

Nolte, Marc; Dönch, Ingo; Fery, Andreas

doi:10.1002/cphc.200600300

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Semipermeable and pliable polyelectrolyte multilayers suspended over pores or cavities have been investigated for the development of micromechanical devices, sensors, and separation/filtration membranes 2,11,25,29,30,37. Several past studies have demonstrated that suspended PEMs can be created by transferring freestanding PEMs onto substrates containing holes, cavities, or pores 2,25,29,30,37.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several past studies have demonstrated that suspended PEMs can be created by transferring freestanding PEMs onto substrates containing holes, cavities, or pores 2,25,29,30,37. To determine whether our freestanding PEI/PVDMA multilayers could be transferred onto other substrates and suspended across holes or pores, we fabricated 100-bilayer freestanding films and treated the films with the amine-functionalized fluorophore tetramethylrhodamine cadaverine (TMR).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers

Buck

Lynn

2010

Langmuir

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We report an approach to the fabrication of freestanding and amine-reactive thin films that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer assembly and subsequent lift-off of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that covalently crosslinked multilayers fabricated using the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and a primary amine-containing polymer [poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)] can be delaminated from planar glass and silicon surfaces by immersion in mildly acidic aqueous environments to yield flexible freestanding membranes. These freestanding membranes are robust and can withstand exposure to strong acid, strong base, or incubation in high ionic strength solutions that typically lead to the disruption and erosion of polymer multilayers assembled by reversible weak interactions (e.g., 'polyelectrolyte multilayers' assembled by electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding). We demonstrate further that these PEI/PVDMA assemblies contain residual reactive azlactone functionality that can be exploited to chemically modify the films (either directly after fabrication or after they have been lifted off of the substrates on which they were fabricated) using a variety of amine-functionalized small molecules. These freestanding membranes can also be transferred readily onto other objects (for example, onto the surfaces of planar substrates containing holes or pores) to fabricate suspended polymer membranes and other film-functionalized interfaces. In addition to planar, two-dimensional freestanding films, this approach can be used to fabricate and isolate threedimensional freestanding membranes (e.g., curved films or tubes) by layer-by-layer assembly on, and subsequent lift-off from, the surfaces of topologically complex substrates (e.g., the curved ends of glass tubing, etc.). The results of this investigation, when combined, suggest the basis of methods for the fabrication of stable, chemically-reactive, and flexible polymer thin films and membranes of potential utility in a variety of fundamental and applied contexts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers

Buck

Lynn

2010

Langmuir

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“…[98,99] Several other methods, relying on different physical principles, are well suited to characterizing thin films, some of them in a liquid state. These include quartz crystal microbalance, [50,100] piezo-rheometry, [101] resonance frequency, [102] bulging tests, [103] the pendant drop technique, [104] osmotic pressure, [105] or the capillary wave technique [106] in the case of free-standing films. The stiffness of PEM can be modulated from a few kPa to several GPa depending on the structural properties of the polyelectrolytes, but also on the degree of cross-linking inside the film.…”

Section: Modulation Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Functionalities of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: New Biomedical Applications

Boudou¹,

Crouzier²,

Ren³

et al. 2010

Advanced Materials

685

702

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The design of advanced functional materials with nanometer- and micrometer-scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer-by-layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under "mild" conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra-cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio-temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design "reservoirs," as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell "niches."

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“…This aspect provides a robust, stable surface ideal for patterning, functionalization, and harsh characterization procedures; however, there can also be eminent value in detaching these coatings. Ultrathin polymer films have been a prevalent field of study for practical interests concerning microfluidics, ultrafine filtration, and microelectronics . Common preparation techniques include layer‐by‐layer (LbL), Langmuir‐Blodgett, self‐assembly, and cast films .…”

Section: Detached Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrathin polymer films have been a prevalent field of study for practical interests concerning microfluidics, ultrafine filtration, and microelectronics. [111][112][113] Common preparation techniques include layer-by-layer (LbL), 114,115 Langmuir-Blodgett, 116 self-assembly, 117 and cast films. 118 However, recent studies have shown detaching polymer brushes to be a means that can offer control and tunability.…”

Section: Detached Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsive and patterned polymer brushes

Welch

Ober

2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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While polymer brush systems continue to grow in popularity, so does their complexity and sophistication. Advances in polymerization and specific functionalization methods have led to novel applications in diverse research fields. The marriage of top-down lithography with bottom-up brush processing is becoming increasingly important in the development and progress of nanotechnology. The aim of this review is to examine different approaches taken to generate tailored polymer brush systems through surface-initiated polymerizations as well as patterning techniques. Detaching polymer brushes to create free-standing membranes is also highlighted and discussed in terms of methods and characterization.

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Freestanding Polyelectrolyte Films as Sensors for Osmotic Pressure

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers

Free-Standing and Reactive Thin Films Fabricated by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Subsequent Lift-Off of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers

Multiple Functionalities of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: New Biomedical Applications

Responsive and patterned polymer brushes

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