Freely Available Arabic Corpora: A Scoping Review

Ahmed, Arfan; Ali, Nashva; Alzubaidi, Mahmood; Zaghouani, Wajdi; Abd‐Alrazaq, Alaa; Househ, Mowafa

doi:10.1016/j.cmpbup.2022.100049

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…El-Haj et al, 2015;McEnery et al, 2019), which significantly impacted the field. Zaghouani, (2017) presented a Critical survey discussing the freely available Arabic corpora, and more recently, Ahmed et al (2022) founded 48 free and accessible Arabic corpora by searching the most popular information technology (IT) resources 1 .…”

Section: Arabic Monolingual and Parallel Corporamentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the Leeds Monolingual and Parallel Legal Corpora of Arabic and English Countries’ Constitutions: Methods, Challenges and Solutions

2023

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Arabic corpora have existed since the last decade of the past century. Although they are constantly increasing, more advanced tools and morpho-syntactically annotated Arabic corpora are still needed for research and teaching. Likewise, parallel and specialised corpora are rare despite the growing need to use them in empirical linguistic investigations of authentic Arabic texts and for language and translation teaching. Therefore, building legal corpora will pave the way for more research in Arabic legal translation, an area which is under-researched worldwide. This paper aims to discuss the building of a collection of specialised parallel and monolingual legal corpora. In particular, it will discuss the building of diachronic corpora, which include all available constitutions of 22 Arabic countries. The aim of building all available versions of these constitutions is two-fold: (1) interdisciplinary corpus-based and socio-cultural investigations and (2) research-led and blended-learning pedagogical approaches to translation teaching and learning. Thus, these corpora are of great value to translation trainers and researchers, law academics and professionals, and governmental, non-governmental and international organisations. The paper will demonstrate the process of building these specialised complex corpora and the challenges encountered throughout this process. Among the challenges faced during the data collection and processing phases are (1) limitations of finding the original constitutions for each Arabic country since some of them date back to 1922; (2) file conversion and the difficulty of choosing one Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tool to rely on for the Arabic language since many lack accuracy, efficiency as well as encoding issues in Arabic.

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Section: Arabic Monolingual and Parallel Corporamentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the Leeds Monolingual and Parallel Legal Corpora of Arabic and English Countries’ Constitutions: Methods, Challenges and Solutions

2023

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“…The Arabic language is a semitic language, which differs from Indo-European languages in terms of phonetics, morphology, syntax, and semantics [10]. More than 1.5 billion persons utilize Arabic language worldwide, and more than 420 million individuals use it as their first language [11] [12]. Arabic is one of the six official languages of the United Nations [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gong et al [5] reviewed the research and development of Mandarin speech synthesis and discussed the current issues in the field. Ahmed et al [32] conducted a scoping review of the freely available Arabic and accessible corpora following the PRISMA guidelines. They identified 48 accessible corpora sources and classified them into five categories based on their primary purpose: multipurpose, speech, dialectal, image, and sentiment analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Arabic Text-to-Speech Systems: A 22-Year Literature Review

Chemnad

Othman

2023

IEEE Access

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Although there are several speech synthesis models available for different languages tailored to specific domain requirements and applications, there is currently no readily available information on the latest trends in Arabic language speech synthesis. This can make it challenging for beginners to research and develop text-to-speech (TTS) systems for Arabic languages. To address this issue, this article provides a comprehensive overview of several scholars' contributions to the field of Arabic TTS, along with an examination of the unique features of the Arabic language and the corresponding challenges in creating TTS systems. Reporting only on papers discussing Arabic TTS, this systematic review evaluated the available literature published between 2000 and 2022. We conducted a systematic review in six databases using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify studies that addressed Arabic Text-to-Speech systems. Of a total of 3719 articles identified, only 36 (0.96%) articles met our search criteria. Bibliometric analyses of these studies were conducted and reported. The results highlight the main types of speech synthesis techniques used in TTS systems: concatenative, formant, deep neural network (DNN), hybrid models, and multiagent. The corpora used to develop these systems, as well as the diacritization techniques incorporated, evaluation techniques, and the results of the performance of the systems are reported. Subjective evaluation using the mean opinion score is most applied to measure the accuracy of systems. This study also identifies gaps in the literature and makes recommendations for future research directions.

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“…The authors [9] conducted a preliminary survey using PRISMA guidelines, searched the most widely used Information Technology (IT) databases, and identified free and accessible Arabic corpora. As a result, they identified a total of 48 available sources of corpora available free of charge in Arabic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were classified by corpus type into five categories depending on their primary purpose. [9,10] presented applications of methods and structures of a monolingual corpus, but there is no work related to the alignment or development of a parallel corpus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligning and extending technologies of parallel corpora for the Kazakh language

Rakhimova

Karibayeva

2022

EEJET

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The paper presents the two-stage alignment and extending methods of parallel corpora for the Kazakh language. The Kazakh language is agglutinative with rich morphology and related to the Turkic language group. So, the traditional alignment methods for similar languages do not work for the Kazakh language. The alignment is used primarily to ensure that the fragment corresponding to the original is found in the translation. After that, identical fragments of parallel texts are compared with each other. At the initial stage, the question is what needs to be leveled. It is possible to align word by word, but this often becomes almost impossible for several reasons: sets of lexemes and expressions do not match in different languages. Considering the linguistic peculiarities of languages, the developed technologies and ways of universal alignment of parallel text may not work in languages with agglutination. It means that the form of the word is formed by additional affixes and auxiliary words that carry semantic and morphological information. The approach presented in this paper is to use a two-stage alignment, which uses a bilingual dictionary of synonyms. The evaluation with the use of the English-Kazakh corpus verifies that our method shows an average of 89 % correct alignment. The second method is designed to expand the parallel corpus due to the lack of natural parallel corpora of the Kazakh-English language pair with good quality. The developed method uses a combinatorial method taking into account the semantic and grammatical features of the Kazakh language. Different tenses of the Kazakh language are used for sentence generation, and different endings for parts of speech are also considered.

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Freely Available Arabic Corpora: A Scoping Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Building the Leeds Monolingual and Parallel Legal Corpora of Arabic and English Countries’ Constitutions: Methods, Challenges and Solutions

Building the Leeds Monolingual and Parallel Legal Corpora of Arabic and English Countries’ Constitutions: Methods, Challenges and Solutions

Advancements in Arabic Text-to-Speech Systems: A 22-Year Literature Review

Aligning and extending technologies of parallel corpora for the Kazakh language

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