Freeform LED lens for uniform illumination

Ding, Yi; Liu, Xü; Zheng, Zhenrong; Gu, Ping

doi:10.1364/oe.16.012958

Cited by 353 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The number and relevance of applications of aspheric and freeform optics is continuously increasing, ranging from astronomy [1], industry [2], solar energy [3], biomedical optics [4], or physiological optics [5], among others. The high complexity of optical surfaces found in biological systems such as the human eye [6], or the new advances in fabrication and testing of freeform surfaces [7], are demanding precise, robust and efficient methods of specifying these surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces

Ferreira¹,

López²,

Navarro³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:A rigorous and powerful theoretical framework is proposed to obtain systems of orthogonal functions (or shape modes) to represent optical surfaces. The method is general so it can be applied to different initial shapes and different polynomials. Here we present results for surfaces with circular apertures when the first basis function (mode) is a conicoid. The system for aspheres with rotational symmetry is obtained applying an appropriate change of variables to Legendre polynomials, whereas the system for general freeform case is obtained applying a similar procedure to spherical harmonics. Numerical comparisons with standard systems, such as Forbes and Zernike polynomials, are performed and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces

Ferreira¹,

López²,

Navarro³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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show abstract

“…In 2008, Ding et al used this approach on LED lighting to achieve uniformity of LED lighting, and the uniformity is up to 90% [21].…”

Section: Tailoring Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source S is located at the origin of an orthogonal coordinate system; the points on the target plane T for the illumination can be expressed as t(x, y, z). The freeform lens p is located in a spherical coordinate system, that is, (θ, ϕ, ρ(θ, ϕ)), and the normal vector at points p of the lens is N, I is the vector of the incident light at point p. Figure 4B is the topological mapping from source to target plane, which means lights of equal ϕ would be refracted to the same edge of the rectangle [21].…”

Section: Mapping Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of freeform optics

Cheng

Zhang

2013

Advanced Optical Technologies

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Freeform optics has certain characteristics such as complex surfaces and more degrees to be controlled, so that it is capable of achieving optical mapping relationship, which cannot be achieved by the conventional optical surfaces. There is no applicable method for designing all freeform optics in the optical field until now. The selection of design methods should be based on specific applications. The paper introduces the main optical freeform design methods and their typical applications.

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“…Generally, the illumination design algorithms can be divided into two groups: zero-étendue algorithms [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and algorithms for extended sources [10][11][12][13]. For a zero-étendue algorithm, the light source is assumed as an ideal source (a point source or a parallel beam), in which there is only one single ray passing through each point on the optical surface, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct design of aspherical lenses for extended non-Lambertian sources in three-dimensional rotational geometry

Hua

2016

Opt. Express

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Illumination design used to redistribute the spatial energy distribution of light source is a key technique in lighting applications. However, there is still no effective illumination design method for extended sources, especially for extended non-Lambertian sources. What we present here is to our knowledge the first direct method for extended non-Lambertian sources in three-dimensional (3D) rotational geometry. In this method, both meridional rays and skew rays of the extended source are taken into account to tailor the lens profile in the meridional plane. A set of edge rays and interior rays emitted from the extended source which will take a given direction after the refraction of the aspherical lens are found by the Snell's law, and the output intensity at this direction is then calculated to be the integral of the luminance function of the outgoing rays at this direction. This direct method is effective for both extended non-Lambertian sources and extended Lambertian sources in 3D rotational symmetry, and can directly find a solution to the prescribed design problem without cumbersome iterative illuminance compensation. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of performance and capacity for tackling complex designs.

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Freeform LED lens for uniform illumination

Cited by 353 publications

References 13 publications

Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces

Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces

Design of freeform optics

Direct design of aspherical lenses for extended non-Lambertian sources in three-dimensional rotational geometry

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