Freedom of movement for all? Unpacking racialized travel experiences

Torabian, Pooneh; Miller, Maggie C.

doi:10.1080/13683500.2016.1273882

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As Burrell (2008, 353) has written, "the physical practice of journeying and border crossing is not an empty act, suspended in space and time between two realities, but is a highly materialised and emotional undertaking, and a real, tangible space in its own right." Even where a traveler might be in possession of the appropriate documentation, the 'legitimate' status of the traveller is often not determined until he/she attempts to cross the border (Torabian & Miller 2017). They could remain in a state of legal limbo, where "one may claim no rights but is still subject to the law" (Salter 2006, 169).…”

Section: Border Governance and Rescaling State Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

The contradictory politics of the right to travel: mobilities, borders & tourism

2020

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The freedom of movement and right to travel are intrinsic to the growth of international tourism. Notwithstanding the inchoate nature of the right to tourism, the entitlement to travel and to pursue tourism without hindrance is firmly established in advanced capitalist societies. Moreover, the right to tourism has been recently enshrined in the 2017 United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) Framework Convention on Tourism Ethics. Tourists' ease of mobility contrasts starkly with the movements of less privileged forms of mobility that may be variously constrained by racism, xenophobia and restrictive border controls. This paper contends that rather than a mere reflection of accumulated political rights (citizenship), such unequal and differentiated mobilities are conditioned by a complex assemblage of discursive frameworks and structural forces that are played out in specific historical-geographic contexts. Accordingly, we argue that the rights associated with global tourism must be analysed in the context of the contradictory politics of global mobility, or indeed in terms of the 'mobility crisis'. This 'crisis' is one that is rooted in and shaped by the cumulative legacy of past colonial orders, global capitalism and geopolitical realignments, in addition to multi-scalar systems of governance through which borders are constituted, managed and policed.

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Section: Border Governance and Rescaling State Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

The contradictory politics of the right to travel: mobilities, borders & tourism

2020

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“…Yet for interracial families and couples, fear and anxiety (and actual discrimination) diminish and deny these rewards. In short, the freedom to engage in and rewards of travel and leisure are curtailed by racism (Brewster 2012; Dalmage 2000; Feagin 1991; Lee and Scott 2017; Torabian and Miller 2017; Stephenson and Hughes 2005). When interracial couples dine out and travel, they are visible markers that race matters, boundaries exist, and racial hierarchies can be challenged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jessie Daniels (2012) contextualized the analysis of race and the Internet through the concept of “imagined community” where acceptance is granted to those deemed “normal,” while maintaining boundaries that exclude Others. The process of jettisoning the Other through imagining, interaction, quantification, and discourse on social media “is deeply rooted in power” (Torabian and Miller 2017:934) and reflects histories of global race making (Daniels 2012).…”

Section: Tripadvisormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given their unique position in a racially divided and hierarchical world, interracial couples think about, experience, and reflect upon leisure time in a way that is “distinct from those of same-race couples and families” (Hibbler and Shinew 2002:145). As is the case for most racialized Others, the fear and enactment of racism mediates interracial couples’ ability to experience rewards of travel and dining (Dalmage 2000; Hibler and Shinew 2002; Stephenson and Hughes 2005; Torabian and Miller 2017). Stephenson and Hughes (2005) found that for racialized Others, “unless travel events are well organized and very secure, racialized realities can overshadow the experience of visiting other cultures and communities” (p. 150).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Traveling across Racial Borders: TripAdvisor and the Discursive Strategies Businesses Use to Deny Racism

Dalmage

2018

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Travel and leisure activities can bring many rewards, and yet for those deemed “racialized Others,” these same activities can be fraught with anxiety and tension. As in all aspects of society, racism mediates the rewards of travel and leisure. Decisions about when and how to confront racism are central in the lives of those considered racialized Others. Given a wish to de-escalate racist situations and respond later, some individuals are using online platforms to call out racism. Using a digital discourse analysis, the author explores TripAdvisor, as a site and context in which racial confrontation happens. Interracial couples facing discrimination during leisure activities may choose to confront businesses after the fact through an online platform. When businesses respond, they follow a pattern that defensively separates “service” from racism and ultimately denies racism entirely. The author begins with an analysis of the TripAdvisor platform, including the affordances and constraints. Next, the author uses a digital discourse analysis of the review-response interaction. As with other forms of colorblind racism, a close read of the content is needed to highlight racist practices. The author shows that the structure of TripAdvisor, including the quantitative ratings and rankings and written reviews and responses, works to legitimize the platform and build trust across a Eurocentric global community. This sense of community and trust is denied and remains elusive to those suffering as a result of racist abuse.

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“…Collective memory-work is gaining traction in leisure and tourism studies (cf. Kivel & Johnson, 2007;Rouzrokh, et al, 2017;Torabian & Miller, 2017;Tung & Ritchie, 2011) and social sciences more broadly. It enables research participants to recall, examine, and analyze memories and experiences within a broader cultural context (Kivel & Johnson, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%