Free Vitamin D: Relationship to Insulin Sensitivity and Vascular Health in Youth

Bacha, Fida; Bartz, Sara Klinepeter; Tomsa, Anca; Sharma, Shelly

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.04.057

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In our study, we observed that by not considering the adjustment for the GC diplotypes, in the calculation of free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, the association between bioavailable 25(OH)D and the various outcomes was overestimated (Supplementary Tables S5 and S6). Bacha et al reported that young individuals with low concentrations of free and bioavailable 25(OH)D had lower insulin sensitivity and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers [56]. However, the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D calculation did not consider adjustment for GC diplotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Equally Associate with Adiposity Markers and Metabolic Traits in Mexican Adults

et al. 2021

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Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], adiposity, and metabolic traits. The bioavailability of 25(OH)D is regulated by the albumin, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and variants of the GC gene. Therefore, it is not clear if bioavailable or free 25(OH)D offer additional benefits compared to total 25(OH)D when estimating the magnitude of these associations. Our aim was to evaluate the association between 25(OH)D (total, free and bioavailable) with adiposity and metabolic traits. This was a cross-sectional study of 1904 subjects from the Health Workers Cohort Study from Mexico. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated based on VDBP and albumin determinations, using a formula adjusted for the GC gene diplotypes. Adiposity and metabolic traits were measured with standardized procedures. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels correlated with total 25(OH)D, r = 0.71 and 0.70, respectively (p < 0.001). Total, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the adiposity marker (visceral adiposity index) and metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-c ratio, and triglycerides/glucose index) in multivariate regression models (ORs = 0.73 to 0.96). Our findings suggest that free and bioavailable 25(OH)D do not offer additional advantages over total 25(OH)D regarding its association with adiposity and several metabolic traits in Mexican adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Equally Associate with Adiposity Markers and Metabolic Traits in Mexican Adults

et al. 2021

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“…Future studies may evaluate the factors identified in our study in order to determine causality in the relationship we observed independent of diabetes. Finally, in our study, we used the monoclonal antibody VDBP test, which was reported to be affected by the genotype [30]. We calculated free and bioavailable vitamin D concentrations using the Bikle method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Bioavailable Vitamin D and Remnant Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Türkeş

Uysal

Demir

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Introduction In circulation, 99% vitamin D is transported by binding to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and albumin. Vitamin D at free form and vitamin D binding to albumin are defined as bioavailable vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic lipid profile and insulin resistance. Remnant cholesterol is defined as the cholesterol component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and contributes to the atherosclerotic burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bioavailable vitamin D and remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 198 T2DM patients and 208 non-diabetic subjects underwent biochemical measurements of lipid profiles, 25(OH)D, VDBP, CRP and albumin levels. Their demographic characteristics (age, sex) were questioned. Subjects with thyroid, kidney and liver dysfunction and using lipid-lowering therapy were not included in the study. The diagnosis of T2DM was made according to the American Diabetes Association ADA 2016 criteria. Classification of vitamin D levels was done according to the Endocrine Society. Bioavailable vitamin D concentrations were calculated. Results High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), 25(OH)D, free vitamin D and bioavailable vitamin D levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients while triglyceride, remnant cholesterol and CRP levels were found to be significantly higher. VDBP was positively correlated with CRP and remnant cholesterol in diabetic patients, but not in non-diabetic patients. Cut-off values were determined from non-diabetics as 3.56 ng/mL for bioavailable vitamin D and 26.56 mg/dL for remnant cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis in the control group showed that the odds ratio for increasing remnant cholesterol above the cut-off value was determined as 2.01 for low bioavailable vitamin D and 1.1 for elevated CRP. However, in T2DM there was no significant relationship. In all subjects, low bioavailable vitamin D increased the remnant cholesterol above the cut-off by 2.18-fold independent of the presence of T2DM. However, there was no significant risk to increase remnant cholesterol, considering a total 25(OH) D deficiency in all groups. Conclusions Low bioavailable vitamin D was found to be a risk factor for elevated remnant cholesterol. This relationship was not detected in patients with T2DM. We believe that the inflammation observed in Diabetes Mellitus may increase the concentrations of VDBP and a decrease in bioavailable vitamin D levels. Therefore, measuring VDBP and calculating the bioavailable vitamin D may provide additional information about the actual vitamin D status.

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“…It was observed that prudent diet pattern consisted of recognized healthy food indirectly ameliorated the impairment of ED through lowering TG, meanwhile, a direct bene cial effect on ED was also found. The underlying mechanism for this advantage of prudent diet might be the high levels of contained vitamins, since it has been proven that vitamin C, D and E restored the macro-or micro-vascular ED [35][36][37] . With regard to speci c food, the intake of blueberry acutely improved the peripheral arterial dysfunction, and the fruit contained polyphenol metabolites that might account for this advantage [38] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Use of Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Diet and metabolic traits Associated with Micro-Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Middle-aged Chinese Males

Miao

Zhou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The present study aims to use structural equation modeling with multiple regression pathways to examine direct and indirect links from diet and metabolic traits to micro-vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) among middle-aged Chinese males. Methods: The study was conducted in middle-aged Chinese males, who underwent a health checkup between 2018 and 2019. Data on life-style behavior factors (physical activity, diet pattern, sleep quality, and diet data underwent factor analysis in advance) and metabolic risk factors referring to metabolic traits were introduced into the structural equation model (SEM) to examine interrelationship among these factors and their association with ED, as evaluated by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Results: Both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) identified two major dietary patterns: "prudent pattern" and "western pattern". The univariate test suggested that only triglycerides (TG) and prudent dietary pattern were directly associated with RHI. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern had an indirect association with RHI via triglyceride (Prudent diet→TG: β=-0.15, P<0.05; TG→RHI: β=-0.17, P<0.001). As to confirming the hypothesized association between variables apart, physical activity frequency was correlated to the decrease in TG (β=-0.29, P<0.001), but had no direct correlation to RHI. Conclusion: The network of direct and indirect associations among diet pattern and cardio-metabolic risk factors with RHI measured ED among middle-aged males. The most significant modifiable factors identified were TG and prudent diet pattern, which needs to be targeted as preventive strategies for early micro-vascular impairment.

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Free Vitamin D: Relationship to Insulin Sensitivity and Vascular Health in Youth

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Equally Associate with Adiposity Markers and Metabolic Traits in Mexican Adults

Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Equally Associate with Adiposity Markers and Metabolic Traits in Mexican Adults

Associations Between Bioavailable Vitamin D and Remnant Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Novel Use of Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Diet and metabolic traits Associated with Micro-Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Middle-aged Chinese Males

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