Free vibration of stiffened laminated shells of revolution with a free-form meridian and general boundary conditions

A semi-analytical method for free vibration of semi-closed shells of revolution with variable curvature

“…Shells of revolution are commonly used as roofing units in civil engineering (as they are capable of covering large column-free areas, Bakshi and Chakravorty, 2013, 2020; Nayak and Bandyopadhyay, 2006), as rocket or spacecraft parts in aerospace engineering (Espinoza et al, 2012; Menaa and Lakis, 2015), as pressure vessels, reservoirs, and tanks in ocean engineering (Chen et al, 2015, 2018; Xie et al, 2019b, 2020a; Zhang et al, 2021), and as some small structures or structural components in mechanical engineering (Arabyan, 2020; Baghlani et al, 2021; Ni et al, 2019). According to the axial openings, shells of revolution are classified as closed (no axial opening), semi-closed (one axial opening), and open (two axial openings) shells of revolution.…”

Static and buckling analyses of stiffened plate/shell structures using the quadrilateral element SQ4C

“…Based on these points, analytical methods and numerical methods, such as the Ritz method [7][8][9][10][11], the meshfree methods [12][13][14], the constraint method [15,16], the finite difference method [17,18], and the finite element methods [19][20][21][22][23][24], were used for solving stiffened structure problems. Some other developments that relate to stiffened plate/shell structures can be found in [25][26][27][28][29]. The inference that uses stiffeners to enhance stiffness is simple, but the practical stiffener design is difficult and complicated.…”