Free transplantation of fat autografts expanded by tissue expanders in rats

Heimburg, Dennis von; Lemperle, Gottfried; Dippe, B; ̈ger, Stefan Kru

doi:10.1016/0007-1226(94)90029-9

Cited by 41 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18] The traditional concept of graft survival involved a race between the limited time transplanted cells can survive by plasmatic imbibition and the time it takes for neovascularization to reestablish functional connections between the graft and the recipient capillary network. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The race is limited to a little more than 2 days, with the fate of the graft hanging in the balance. Because of this 2-mm graft-to-recipient interface limit, no adipocyte should be more than 2 mm away from its recipient capillary network lest it dies before its capillary circulation is restored.…”

Section: Graft-to-recipient Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Megavolume Autologous Fat Transfer

Rigotti

Cardoso

Khouri

et al. 2014

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

142

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This article describes the theory and principles behind the authors' success in megavolume (250-ml range) autologous fat transfer to the breasts. When large volumes are grafted into a tight space, the interstitial fluid pressure increases to impair capillary blood flow and the crowded graft droplets coalesce into lakes, with poor graft-to-recipient interface. These factors have historically restricted the volume of fat that can be grafted into small recipient breasts. The decreased interface increases the distance oxygen must diffuse to reach the grafted adipocytes, causing central necrosis to occur before neovascularization. The increased interstitial fluid pressure reduces capillary radius, reducing oxygen delivery to grafted adipose tissue. The Brava external expansion device harnesses the regenerative capabilities of mechanical forces to preoperatively increase the volume and vascularity of the recipient site, allowing megavolumes of fat to be grafted diffusely without significantly decreasing graft-to-recipient interface or increasing interstitial fluid pressure. The application of these principles has allowed the authors to successfully graft megavolumes of fat into the breasts of over 1000 patients with substantial long-term retention.

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Section: Graft-to-recipient Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Megavolume Autologous Fat Transfer

Rigotti

Cardoso

Khouri

et al. 2014

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

142

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show abstract

“…17,18 Additionally, immature adipocytes were shown to have a lower oxygen demand and to better tolerate the ischemic period after transplantation than mature adipocytes. 19,20 Within the current study, constructs became vascularized within 1 week of implantation. Though not provable by species-specific immunostaining of implanted cells, the blood vessels within the implants most likely derive from the host vasculature, as there is no evidence in literature that 3T3-L1 cells are capable to differentiate into endothelial cells and also unseeded PGA scaffolds (group 1) became vascularized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In VivoDevelopment and Long-Term Survival of Engineered Adipose Tissue Depend onIn VitroPrecultivation Strategy

Weiser

Prantl

Schubert

et al. 2008

Tissue Engineering Part A

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One strategy of adipose tissue engineering is to transplant adipocytes or adipocyte precursor cells in combination with polymeric materials. However, a satisfying formation of fat tissue and its long-term survival still remain major problems. There is increasing evidence that treatment of the cells prior to implantation plays a critical role in the success of adipose tissue growth. In a previous study, we established a model system based on 3T3-L1 cells that allows for reproducible engineering of mature, coherent adipose tissues in vitro. We utilized this model system in the current study and systematically investigated the long-term in vivo development of cellular constructs with varying stages of adipogenic development at the time point of implantation. Blank polyglycolic acid fiber meshes, scaffolds seeded with uninduced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and cell-polymer constructs precultivated under adipogenic conditions for 2, 9, or 35 days were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Histological analysis revealed that no fat formation occurred in constructs without adipogenic precultivation. Implantation of mature fat pads (35 days) resulted in adiponecrosis within the constructs. In contrast, implants with an immature phenotype at the time point of implantation (2 and 9 days) gave rise to vascularized, mature adipose tissue in vivo. Further, these engineered adipose tissues showed long-term survival in vivo over the whole investigation period of 24 weeks. The results of this study can contribute to the development of future clinical approaches as they give clear evidence which precultivation strategy promotes successful development and long-term survival of engineered adipose tissue.

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“…7,8 The weight and volume of free-fat grafts is reduced over a short period of time by about 40-50%. 9 These unsatisfactory results of free-fat autotransplantation are thought to be due to the fat cells, having a low tolerance to ischemia and the slow rate of revascularization. When fat tissue is transferred as a vascularized flap, 3,10 the resorption should be minimal 11 and the fat will not need additional neovascularized vessels which are created by wound healing, and a constant amount of tissue will be conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoral coverage of defects with the superficial epigastric fat flap in rats

et al. 2008

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The standard superficial epigastric artery flap has become a reliable model for flap research. The purpose of this study was to design a flap model in the rat, with the possibility of intraoral coverage of defects. A fat flap based only on the medial trunk of the superficial epigastric vessels was generated, raised to the neck, and used for the coverage of a created intraoral defect in 28 Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-five epigastric flaps were raised and anastomosed to the neck, and three flaps were sutured into the oral cavity as a control without anastomosing the vessels to the rat's neck. For histological examination, each of the five flaps was harvested after 7, 14, and 35 days. A total of five rats died perioperatively, and 23 rats survived. One epigastric fat flaps became necrotic, which attracted attention by dehiscence after 3 or 4 days postoperatively, consisting of one anastomosed and all nonvascularized flaps. A swollen cheek was noted in these cases after about 5 days. Although this model demands the control of basic microsurgical techniques, it is possible to use it as a training model for further refining microsurgical techniques in flap raising. It is planned to use this flap as a model for healing purposes in the oral cavity.

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Free transplantation of fat autografts expanded by tissue expanders in rats

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Megavolume Autologous Fat Transfer

Megavolume Autologous Fat Transfer

In VivoDevelopment and Long-Term Survival of Engineered Adipose Tissue Depend onIn VitroPrecultivation Strategy

Intraoral coverage of defects with the superficial epigastric fat flap in rats

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