Free radicals: Relationship to Human Diseases and Potential Therapeutic applications

Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions

“…Oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are normally formed during mitochondrial functions in biological systems since photosynthesis and aerobic respiration similarly use oxygen. 40 These species are required for bodily functions such as cell homeostasis and gene expression. 41 Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely interrelated and are linked to proatherogenic stimuli.…”

“…As a result of this complex sequence, the target molecule loses an electron and becomes a free radical, triggering a series of reactions that damage and eventually kill the living cell. 40 ROS may be generated intracellularly, extracellularly, or in specific intracellular compartments via several enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases, myeloperoxidases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS), peroxidases, a family of NADPH oxidases (NOX), lipooxygenases (LOXs), and xanthine oxidase (XO). 46 59 Oxidative stress associated with atherosclerosis can occur locally in the vessel wall or the systemic and involves multiple cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC), immune cells, and stem/progenitor cells.…”

“…As a result of this complex sequence, the target molecule loses an electron and becomes a free radical, triggering a series of reactions that damage and eventually kill the living cell. 40…”

Distinct Role of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides in Oxidative Stress-Related Ocular Diseases

“…There are four types of free radicals, including carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Oxygen-containing free radicals are the most common [ 79 ]. The principal free radicals include hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide radical (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (OH•), singlet molecular oxygen (1O 2 ), and lipid peroxide [ 80 ].…”

From Tea to Health: Exploring Abrus mollis for Liver Protection and Unraveling Its Potential Mechanisms

“…mollis as a functional food or for the development of drugs. Free radicals were thought to play a key role in a large number of clinical complications involving age-related degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, diabetes, ischemia, and so forth. − Research has shown that under various diseases or stress conditions, oxygen-derived free radicals in biological systems induce apoptosis through DNA damage. , Therefore, the search for protective agents that can attenuate these free radicals and thus mitigate the oxidative damage to biomolecules has become the focus of attention. Various studies have reported that active dietary ingredients, such as phytochemicals, have cytoprotective effects in many diseases and disorders. , Since A.…”