Free‐radical polymerization of urea, acrylic acid, and glycerol in aqueous solutions

Fernandes, Bruno; Pinto, José Carlos; Albuquerque, Elaine Christine de Magalhães Cabral; Fialho, Rosana Lopes

doi:10.1002/pen.24081

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(76 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regarding the T onset for U ME 2, U ME 3, and U ME 4, these were 234.1 °C, 248.8 °C, and 259.5 °C respectively. The T onset for urea is in agreement with the literature, wherein Fernandes et al . described a range between 135 and 250 °C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The melting point of urea was consistent with the literature, between 125 and 150 °C . The melting point of the carnauba wax differed from the literature, which was 83.9 °C .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Regarding the T onset for U ME 2, U ME 3, and U ME 4, these were 234.1 ∘ C, 248.8 ∘ C, and 259.5 ∘ C respectively. The T onset for urea is in agreement with the literature, wherein Fernandes et al 28 described a range between 135 and 250 ∘ C. The T onset of formulations U ME 2, U ME 3, and U ME 4 showed that microencapsulated systems presented greater stability than the isolated urea, which confirms the effectiveness of the protection of urea.…”

Section: Evaluation and Characterization Of The Microencapsulated Syssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The melting point of urea was consistent with the literature, between 125 and 150 ∘ C. 28 The melting point of the carnauba wax differed from the literature, which was 83.9 ∘ C. 29 This variation can be attributed to different forms of processing, wax harvesting season, climate, plant age, and soil.…”

Section: Evaluation and Characterization Of The Microencapsulated Syssupporting

confidence: 82%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation

Medeiros

Silva

et al. 2018

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of urea microspheres using carnauba wax was successful for all microencapsulated systems developed, evidencing the promising potential for use in ruminant animal diets. The U 2 formulation with large particles is the most recommended because it permitted greater resistance to microbial attack, allowing a slower release of urea into the rumen, reducing the risk of intoxication or ruminal alkalosis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The melting point of urea was consistent with the literature, between 125 and 150 °C . The melting point of the carnauba wax differed from the literature, which was 83.9 °C .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Evaluation and Characterization Of The Microencapsulated Syssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Evaluation and Characterization Of The Microencapsulated Syssupporting

confidence: 82%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation

Medeiros

Silva

et al. 2018

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The final reacting mixture contained 3.00 g of potassium persulfate, 39.80 g of urea, 23.86 g of acrylic acid and 3.00 g of glycerol. Reactions were performed in a 500-mL glass flask, with mechanical stirring of 300 rpm, temperature of 80 °C and time of 2 h, in accordance with previous experimental studies [18,[25][26][27][28] . As the final copolymer medium was biphasic (a lighter and less viscous liquid phase and a heavier viscous liquid phase, which contained the copolymer), continuous stirring of the copolymer feed was necessary to prevent heterogeneous and varying feed conditions.…”

Section: Coating Of Urea Granulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating of urea granules by in situ polymerization in fluidized bed reactors

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObstractThe main objective of the present work is to produce and characterize urea granules coated with polymers prepared with aqueous solutions of acrylic acid and glycerol. Both coating and drying of urea granules were performed in a fluidized bed reactor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of poly(acrylic acid) and acrylic acid / glycerol copolymers on the granule coating and the formation of chemical bonds between urea and the polymer coating. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the original and coated urea granules presented different characteristics, reinforcing the idea that coating occurs in the fluidized bed. Finally, rates of urea release showed that the coated granules presented slightly slower rates of urea dissolution in water due to the presence of the coating layer. Therefore, it is shown that it is possible to produce coated urea granules through in-situ polymerization onto the granule surface using a fluidized bed.

show abstract

3D printing of gellan‐dextran methacrylate IPNs in glycerol and their bioadhesion by RGD derivatives

Paoletti,

Baschieri,

Migliorini

et al. 2024

J Biomedical Materials Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ever‐growing need for new tissue and organ replacement approaches paved the way for tissue engineering. Successful tissue regeneration requires an appropriate scaffold, which allows cell adhesion and provides mechanical support during tissue repair. In this light, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system based on biocompatible polysaccharides, dextran (Dex) and gellan (Ge), was designed and proposed as a surface that facilitates cell adhesion in tissue engineering applications. The new matrix was developed in glycerol, an unconventional solvent, before the chemical functionalization of the polymer backbone, which provides the system with enhanced properties, such as increased stiffness and bioadhesiveness. Dex was modified introducing methacrylic groups, which are known to be sensitive to UV light. At the same time, Ge was functionalized with RGD moieties, known as promoters for cell adhesion. The printability of the systems was evaluated by exploiting the ability of glycerol to act as a co‐initiator in the process, speeding up the kinetics of crosslinking. Following semi‐IPNs formation, the solvent was removed by extensive solvent exchange with HEPES and CaCl2, leading to conversion into IPNs due to the ionic gelation of Ge chains. Mechanical properties were investigated and IPNs ability to promote osteoblasts adhesion was evaluated on thin‐layer, 3D‐printed disk films. Our results show a significant increase in adhesion on hydrogels decorated with RGD moieties, where osteoblasts adopted the spindle‐shaped morphology typical of adherent mesenchymal cells. Our findings support the use of RGD‐decorated Ge/Dex IPNs as new matrices able to support and facilitate cell adhesion in the perspective of bone tissue regeneration.

show abstract

Free‐radical polymerization of urea, acrylic acid, and glycerol in aqueous solutions

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation

Carnauba wax as a wall material for urea microencapsulation

Coating of urea granules by in situ polymerization in fluidized bed reactors

3D printing of gellan‐dextran methacrylate IPNs in glycerol and their bioadhesion by RGD derivatives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About