Free‐radical copolymerization of α‐olefins with ethylene

Abstract

Ethylene was polymerized at 15,000–25,000 psi at 130–220°C. with free‐radical initiators in the presence of 0–10% of C14‐labeled propylene, butene‐1, and octene‐1. Polymer composition was determined by scintillation counting. Molecular weight measurements and polymer unsaturation as detected by infrared analysis gave independent estimates of chain transfer. It was concluded that the major reaction of all α‐olefins is copolymerization: chain transfer is a minor reaction. For all α‐olefins, r1 (where ethylene is monomer 1) is 3.2–3.3 uncorrected, or 3.4–3.6 corrected for chain transfer.

Bulge‐like Asymmetric Heterodye Clustering in DNA Duplex Results in Efficient Quenching of Background Emission Based on the Maximized Excitonic Interaction

“…Because there are no literature data on the copolymerization between ethylene (monomer 1) and 1,9‐decadiene (monomer 2), values for ethylene copolymerized with 1‐butene were used instead. The following values have been used: r 1, propylene = 3.28,24 r 2,propylene = 0.62,25 C s,propylene = 0.0122,26 r 1,1‐butene = 3.25,24 r 2,1‐butene = 0.64,25 and C s,1‐butene = 0.047 26. From these data, it can be calculated that propylene undergoes one chain‐transfer step for every 25th reacted propylene unit, and 1‐butene undergoes chain transfer around every 7th reacted 1‐butene unit at the conditions used for the determination of r 1 and r 2 .…”

Li+Catalysis and Other New Methodologies for the Radical Polymerization of Less Activated Olefins

“…The authors proposed that the process is controlled primarily by chain transfer. An effect of chain transfer was also found for radical copolymerization of ethylene with higher olefins . Both the chain transfer constant and the copolymerization parameters were the same in the neat monomer phase and in the presence of a solvent.…”

“…An effect of chain transfer was also found for radical copolymerization of ethylene with higher olefins. 75 Both the chain transfer constant and the copolymerization parameters were the same in the neat monomer phase and in the presence of a solvent. Similarly short oligomers were formed when bulk propylene polymerization was initiated either thermally or with various radical initiators at 100−200 °C/7000 atm.…”

Modellierung der Kinetik und Mikrostruktur radikalischer Polymerisationen bei hohen Drücken und Temperaturen

“…Diese ist mit einen komplexeren kinetischen Schema, welches Übertragungsreaktionen zum Polymeren mit der Möglichkeit anschließender β-scission einschließt, bestimmt worden. [85] Da für diese Untersuchung aber das vereinfachte kinetische Schema genutzt Als Vergleichswerte sind zusätzlich von Mortimer et al [30,31,32] Im Falle des als Comonomer reagierenden Propens kann auf von Wand bestimmte Daten zurückgegriffen werden. [28] Für Cyclohexen und 1-Octen muss dagegen geprüft werden, ob diese auch als Comonomer reagieren.…”