Free market media, democracy and partisanship : a case study of Kolkata’s newspapers’ coverage of anti-industrialisation protests

Abstract

The dominant model of the media is that of market-driven media. The dependence on advertising revenues is supposed to ensure financial and therefore political independence. Such market-driven media, however, are inadequate in fulfilling the goal of democracy because they show less interest in reporting the causes of the poor and other disadvantaged groups. An alternative model proposed is that of a partisan media system in a pluralistic market, affording a diversity of political views including those of marginalised groups. Although conceptually different, the partisan and the commercial models of the news media are known to co-exist in many societies. Under such conditions, the news media's partisan interests, the goal of making profits and the norms of professional journalism, traditionally associated with the commercial model, intersect. This thesis studies how the intersection of LIST OF TABLES VI

Perception towards Media Portrayals of Janda in Malaysia

“…news media, print media, and social media, is a prominent aspect in people's daily lives and plays an integral role in the development of identity, social, and perceptions of the world. Additionally, the common assumption about media is that it provides a truthful and objective portrait of social reality (Mazumdar, 2019;Liao & Ling, 2022). Given that in local movies, television drama series, news headlines, and even lyrics in songs give such a highlight to the word 'janda', the single use of the word 'janda' tends to be followed by inappropriate jokes, remarks, and negative perceptions in the Malaysian society (Hakim, 2017;Affan, 2020).…”