Free l-carnitine in human semen: its variability in different andrologic pathologies

Menchini-Fabris, G. F.; Canale, Domenico; Izzo, Pier Luigi; Olivieri, Luigi; Bartelloni, M.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48024-6

Cited by 67 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[71–73] Carnitine protects sperm DNA and cell membranes from free radical-induced damage and apoptosis[72747576] and has been correlated with sperm parameters such as concentration and motility, which relate to higher fecundity. [7778] The initiation of sperm motility is thought to occur in parallel to an increase in carnitine concentration in the epididymal lumen and L-acetyl-carnitine in spermatozoa. [687980] The degree of acetylation of carnitine was shown to be greater in motile than in immotile spermatozoa.…”

Section: Carnitinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and antioxidants for idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia: Is it justified?

Agarwal¹,

Sekhon²

2011

Indian J Urol

120

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Oxidative stress contributes to defective spermatogenesis and the poor quality of sperm associated with idiopathic male factor infertility. The aim of this study was to review the current literature on the effects of various types of antioxidant supplements in patients to improve fertilization and pregnancy rates in subfertile males with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT). Review of recent publications through PubMed and the Cochrane database. Oxidative stress is implicated in impaired spermatogenesis leading to the poor semen parameters and increased DNA damage and apoptosis in iOAT. Strategies to modulate the level of oxidative stress within the male reproductive tract include the use of oral antioxidant compounds to reinforce the body's defence against oxidative damage. In our evaluation, carnitines were considered the most established pharmacotherapeutic agent to treat iOAT, as evidence and data concerning carnitine supplementation have been shown to be most consistent and relevant to the population of interest. Other therapies, such as combined vitamin E and C therapy, are still considered controversial as vitamin C can act as a pro-oxidant in certain instances and the results of randomized controlled trials have failed to show significant benefit to sperm parameters and pregnancy rates. There is a need for further investigation with randomized controlled studies to confirm the efficacy and safety of antioxidant supplementation in the medical treatment of idiopathic male infertility as well as the need to determine the dosage required to improve semen parameters, fertilization rates and pregnancy outcomes in iOAT.

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Section: Carnitinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and antioxidants for idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia: Is it justified?

Agarwal¹,

Sekhon²

2011

Indian J Urol

120

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“…The reduction in carnitine of seminal plasma was also reported in infertile patients (Zöpfgen et al, 2000). The positive correlation between semen parameters and carnitine concentration in semen, enables to propose that carnitine is a marker of "good quality" of semen (Menchini-Fabris et al, 1984). Kozink et al (2004), supplemented boars with 500 mg L-carnitine/day for 16 weeks, and collected semen of these animals every week, and for four consecutive days at week 16.…”

Section: L-carnitinementioning

confidence: 76%

“…It was reported a significant reduction in the concentration of carnitine in the semen of patients with azoospermia, affected by bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens and epididymis obstruction (Menchini-Fabris et al, 1984;Casano et al, 1987). The reduction in carnitine of seminal plasma was also reported in infertile patients (Zöpfgen et al, 2000).…”

Section: L-carnitinementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In men, the amount of L-carnitine in seminal plasma is related to the concentration and progress motility of sperm (Menchini-Fabris et al, 1984;Bornman et al, 1989). It was reported a significant reduction in the concentration of carnitine in the semen of patients with azoospermia, affected by bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens and epididymis obstruction (Menchini-Fabris et al, 1984;Casano et al, 1987).…”

Section: L-carnitinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutraceutical in male reproduction

Freitas¹,

Oliveira

2018

Braz. J. Vet. Med.

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In order to obtain a successful outcome in artificial insemination programs, a few precautions must be taken with regard to male breeders. It is established that environmental factors can change the hormonal secretion, the cell differentiation that occurs in the testicles, as well as sperm maturation and transport in the epididymis. In view of adverse nutritional factors, reproductive organs can present degeneration and disorders in different degrees and intensities, affecting the animal fertility. The term nutraceutical describes products derived from foods, which may provide additional health benefits, beyond the basic value found in diets. Among the main nutraceuticals used in male reproduction, there are omega-3, arginine, B-complex vitamins, L-carnitine, β-carotene and antioxidants. The aim of this paper is to present the main substances used as nutraceuticals, in order to improve semen quality, obtaining most favorable outcomes of stallions in the use of natural breeding or artificial insemination.Keywords: artificial insemination, fertility, nutrition, semen, spermatogenesis.resumo Para um sucesso em programas de inseminação artificial, algumas precauções devem ser tomadas em relação aos reprodutores machos. Sabe-se que fatores ambientais podem alterar a secreção hormonal, a diferenciação celular que ocorre nos testículos, assim como o transporte e a maturação espermática no epidídimo. Um déficit nutricional pode levar a degeneração e distúrbios dos órgãos reprodutivos em diferentes graus e intensidade, afetando a fertilidade. O termo nutracêutico descreve produtos derivados dos alimentos, que podem fornecer benefícios adicionais a saúde, além dos valores básicos encontrados na dieta. Entre os vários nutracêuticos utilizados na reprodução, temos o ômega-3, arginina, vitaminas do complexo B, L-carnitina, β-caroteno e antioxidantes. Objetivou-se com essa revisão apresentar as principais substâncias utilizadas como nutracêuticos, com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade seminal, obtendo resultados favoráveis dos garanhões com a monta natural ou a inseminação artificial.Palavras-chave: inseminação artificial, fertilidade, nutrição, sêmen, espermatogênese.

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“…41 Studies of infertile patients have shown a direct correlation between sperm motility and semen carnitine content as well as demonstrating a positive correlation between carnitine levels and sperm counts and number of motile sperm. 42 Another large trial supplied patients with 3 g per day of carnitine for 4 months. After assessing sperm parameters before, during, and following the study, the subjects' percent of motile sperm had increased by approximately 10 percent and the actual number of sperm per ejaculate was increased as well.…”

Section: Amino Acids: Arginine and Carnitinementioning

confidence: 99%