Free insulin‐like growth factor‐I and breast cancer risk

Li, Benjamin D.L.; Khosravi, M. Javad; Berkel, Hans J.; Diamandi, Anastasia; Dayton, Mark A.; Smith, Mylinh; Yu, Herbert

doi:10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1111>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 95 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Although IGF-II has a clearly established role in foetal development (Allan et al, 2001), its function in postnatal life is less understood, despite circulating at a much higher concentration than IGF-I. Although experimental evidence suggests that IGF-II can increase the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro (Cullen et al, 1992) and is upregulated in many breast tumours (Li et al, 1998;Fichera et al, 2000), our results show that circulating IGF-II concentration is not strongly associated with subsequent breast cancer risk in pre-or postmenopausal women, which is consistent with evidence from case -control studies (Holdaway et al, 1999;Li et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2002), although Gr nbaek et al (2004) reported in a prospective study an increase in risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women with increasing IGF-II, which was of borderline statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This variation may be important because epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated levels of serum IGF-I, as absolute concentrations or relative to IGFBP-3, may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (Peyrat et al, 1993;Bruning et al, 1995;Bohlke et al, 1998;Hankinson et al, 1998;Petridou et al, 2000;Toniolo et al, 2000;Kaaks et al, 2002;Krajcik et al, 2002;Muti et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2002;Keinan-Boker et al, 2003). There are limited data on the association between serum IGF-II concentration and breast cancer risk (Holdaway et al, 1999;Li et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2002;Gr nbaek et al, 2004).The aim of this study is to examine the associations between serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 and subsequent breast cancer risk in a case -control study nested within a cohort of women on the island of Guernsey. …”

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confidence: 99%

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A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk

et al. 2005

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The associations between serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-3 and risk of breast cancer were investigated in a nested case -control study involving 117 cases (70 premenopausal and 47 postmenopausal at blood collection) and 350 matched controls within a cohort of women from the island of Guernsey, UK. Women using exogenous hormones at the time of blood collection were excluded. Premenopausal women in the top vs bottom third of serum IGF-I concentration had a nonsignificantly increased risk for breast cancer after adjustment for IGFBP-3 (odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 -3.95; test for linear trend, P ¼ 0.21). Serum IGFBP-3 was associated with a reduction in risk in premenopausal women after adjustment for IGF-I (top third vs the bottom third: OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.21 -1.12, P for trend ¼ 0.07). Neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-3 was associated with risk in postmenopausal women and serum IGF-II concentration was not associated with risk in pre-or postmenopausal women. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that premenopausal women with a relatively high circulating concentration of IGF-I and low IGFBP-3 are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. It is well established that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II can stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit cell death in many tissue types (Pollak, 2000) including normal and malignant breast cancer cells (Sachdev and Yee, 2001). The bioavailability of circulating IGF ligands is complex; at least six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been identified, the most abundant of which is IGFBP-3. This binds approximately 75 -90% of circulating IGF-I and IGF-II and may be the most important determinant of IGF bioavailability (Jones and Clemmons, 1995).There is considerable between-person variation in the circulating concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and their binding proteins, believed to be due to genetic and environmental factors (Jones and Clemmons, 1995;Harrela et al, 1996). This variation may be important because epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated levels of serum IGF-I, as absolute concentrations or relative to IGFBP-3, may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (Peyrat et al, 1993;Bruning et al, 1995;Bohlke et al, 1998;Hankinson et al, 1998;Petridou et al, 2000;Toniolo et al, 2000;Kaaks et al, 2002;Krajcik et al, 2002;Muti et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2002;Keinan-Boker et al, 2003). There are limited data on the association between serum IGF-II concentration and breast cancer risk (Holdaway et al, 1999;Li et al, 2001;Yu et al, 2002;Gr nbaek et al, 2004).The aim of this study is to examine the associations between serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 and subsequent breast cancer risk in a case -control study nested within a cohort of women on the island of Guernsey. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Guernsey cohortBetween 1977 and 1991, 6127 women aged 35 years or older who lived on the British island of Guernsey were re...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk

et al. 2005

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“…Similar results were obtained in a nested case -control study based on the American Nurses Cohort where the positive association between plasma IGF-1 levels and breast cancer risk reached significance in premenopausal women younger than 50 and the relative risk increased after adjustment for plasma IGFBP-3 concentrations (Hankinson et al, 1998). Most of these studies did not include analysis on free IGF-1 which may be the most active fraction of total IGF-1, except in one small case-control study (Li et al, 2001) where a significant positive association was found with breast cancer risk (OR ¼ 6.31).…”

Section: Glycemic Index In Chronic Disease Ls Augustin Et Alsupporting

confidence: 69%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

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Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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“…Additional hormonal changes that might also contribute to reduce breast cancer risk are the reduction in insulin, and increases in IGFBP-1 and -2 (which may reduce IGF-I bioactivity within the breast). Besides estradiol, IGF-I and insulin may exert direct growth-promoting effects on breast epithelium (Kaaks, 1996;Papa & Belfiore, 1996;Chappell et al, 2001;Lai et al, 2001), and there is some evidence that both elevated circulating insulin (Bruning et al, 1992;Del Giudice et al, 1998;Yang et al, 2001) and elevated circulating free IGF-I (Li et al, 2001) may increase breast cancer risk, and worsen breast cancer prognosis (survival time) (Goodwin et al, 2002). An estimation of the breast cancer fraction that might be prevented with the type of diet examined in our study remains difficult, however, as favourable alterations in endogenous hormone levels relatively late in life may not have the same effect on risk as having had a more favourable hormone level lifetime.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary intervention on IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins, and related alterations in sex steroid metabolism: the Diet and Androgens (DIANA) Randomised Trial

et al. 2003

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Objective: To assess the effects of a comprehensive change in dietary composition on endogenous hormone metabolism. The specific aim was to examine whether this intervention could lead to favourable changes in insulin sensitivity, levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, that would be expected to reduce breast cancer risk. Design: Randomised dietary intervention study; duration of 5 months. Subjects: From a total of 99 postmenopausal women, who had elevated baseline plasma testosterone levels, 49 women were randomly assigned to the dietary intervention arm and the other 50 to a control group. Interventions: Main aspects of the dietary intervention were reductions in the intake of total fat and refined carbohydrates, an increase in the ratio of n-3 over n-6 plus saturated fatty acids, and increased intakes of foods rich in dietary fibre and phytooestrogens. Results: Relative to the control group, women of the intervention group showed a significant reduction of body weight, waist circumference, fasting serum levels of testosterone, C peptide, glucose, and insulin area after glucose tolerance test, and a significant increase of serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, IGFBP-1, -2, and growth hormone-binding protein. Serum levels of IGF-I did not change. Conclusion: This comprehensive dietary intervention strategy proved to be successful in inducing changes in endogenous hormone metabolism that might eventually result in reduced breast cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to show whether the dietary intervention and related hormonal changes can be both maintained over longer periods, of at least several years.

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Free insulin‐like growth factor‐I and breast cancer risk

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk

A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-3 and breast cancer risk

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

Effects of dietary intervention on IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins, and related alterations in sex steroid metabolism: the Diet and Androgens (DIANA) Randomised Trial

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