“…Unlike idiomatic improvisation, which is “mainly concerned with the expression of an idiom—such as jazz, flamenco or baroque” (Bailey, 1992, p. xi), free improvisation is idiom-free, or perhaps more accurately, idiom-fluid. Its fluidity allows for a diverse hybrid of styles and idioms crafted with whatever tools, skills, and experiences the improviser has, who may vary styles and techniques at will in response to real-time performance situation (Ng, 2014). All rules of performance (e.g., grammars, sounds, styles) are possible and created collectively and spontaneously (Costa & Schaub, 2013).…”