Free-fall landing and interval running have different effects on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, serum osteocalcin, biomechanical properties, <i>SOST</i> expression and on osteocyte-related characteristics

Boudenot, Arnaud; Pallu, Stéphane; Uzbekov, Rustem; Dolleans, Eric; Toumi, Hechmi; Lespessailles, Éric

doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0683

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A range of mechanisms have been reported to modify sclerostin expression within osteocytes including upregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH 2 D)] and uremia 6,7 and downregulation by exercise, fibroblast growth factor-2, parathyroid hormone, and histone deacetylase inhibition. 8,9 Studies in mice osteocytes and animal models suggest that both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation controls sclerostin expression. 10 Rapid changes in sclerostin levels in response to endocrine signals (eg, parathyroid hormone) and mechanical loading may occur as a result of lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein.…”

Section: Sites and Determinants Of Sclerostin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sclerostin in Cardiovascular Disease

Golledge

Thanigaimani

2022

ATVB

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Sclerostin is most recognized for its role in controlling bone formation but is also expressed in the heart, aorta, coronary, and peripheral arteries. This review summarizes research on sclerostin’s role in cardiovascular disease. Rodent studies have found sclerostin to be expressed at sites of arterial calcification. In contrast, aortic sclerostin was reported to be downregulated in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and transgenic upregulation or administration of sclerostin was found to prevent abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis formation. Sclerostin deficiency was reported to stimulate cardiac rupture in one rodent model. In humans, 7 of 11 studies reported a significant association between high serum sclerostin and high carotid intima media thickness. Ten of 15 studies reported a significant association between high serum sclerostin and severe arterial calcification. Twelve of 14 studies reported a significant association between high serum sclerostin and high arterial stiffness or atherosclerosis severity. Four of 9 studies reported a significant association between high serum sclerostin and high risk of cardiovascular events. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggested that administration of the sclerostin blocking antibody romosozumab did not significantly increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (risk ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.83–1.57]; P =0.54) or cardiovascular death (risk ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.53–1.59]; P =0.71). Human genetic studies reported variants predisposing to low arterial sclerostin expression were associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. Overall, past research suggests a cardiovascular protective role of sclerostin but findings have been inconsistent, possibly due to variations in study design, the unique populations and models studied, and the heterogeneous methods used.

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Section: Sites and Determinants Of Sclerostin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sclerostin in Cardiovascular Disease

Golledge

Thanigaimani

2022

ATVB

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“…In addition to jump training, free-fall impact training is also a type of impact movement training that can be achieved in animal models. It has been reported that free-fall impact training can increase the BMD of rats and improve their bone microstructure [ 121 ]. However, the different free-fall impact time intervals appeared to cause slightly different results: compared with the control group, the free-fall group with an interval of 10 seconds experienced a significant reduction in Tb.Sp, while the free-fall group with an interval of 20 seconds experienced a significant reduction in Tb.N [ 121 ].…”

Section: Speed and Impact Training And Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis

Gao¹,

Zhao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

Aging and disease

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Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.

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“…This suggests a bone-adipose tissue connection in response to exercise training through the regulation of peripheral sclerostin. Indeed, studies in rodents undergoing long term mechanical loading/exercise training show lower sclerostin expression and content within bone [13–16] and rodent models of obesity have higher expression of sclerostin within bone and higher resting serum sclerostin [17, 18]. Taken together, these results may explain the perturbed response of sclerostin to acute exercise between OW/OB and normal weight humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely due to the multiple bouts of acute exercise acting as a model of mechanical shear stress, which has been shown to increase lysosomal degradation of sclerostin in vitro [37]. Indeed, multiple bouts of acute exercise (i.e., exercise training) reduces bone sclerostin expression in mice [13][14][15][16] and may contribute to reductions in resting serum sclerostin concentration [6][7][8][9][10] and scWAT sclerostin content [11] over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerostin influences exercise-induced adaptations in body composition and white adipose tissue morphology in male mice

Kurgan

Stoikos

Baranowski

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway that has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1h of treadmill running at ~65-70% VO2max 5 d/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous (s.c) injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 d/week; thus, making 4 groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n=12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, while food intake was higher in EXT (p=0.03) and S (p=0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had a higher lean mass and lower fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), vWAT (epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, while lower vWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased iWAT Lrp4 and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT.

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Free-fall landing and interval running have different effects on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, serum osteocalcin, biomechanical properties, SOST expression and on osteocyte-related characteristics

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Role of Sclerostin in Cardiovascular Disease

Role of Sclerostin in Cardiovascular Disease

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis

Sclerostin influences exercise-induced adaptations in body composition and white adipose tissue morphology in male mice

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