Free D- and L-amino acids in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer and normal subjects

Abstract

Free D-Ser, D-Asp and total D-amino acids were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Alzheimer (AD) ventricular CSF than in normal CSF. There was no significant difference in the total L-amino acids between AD and normal CSF, but L-Gln and L-His were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in AD-CSF. The higher concentrations of these D- and L-amino acids in AD ventricular CSF could reflect the degenerative process that occurs in Alzheimer's brain since ventricular CSF is the repository of amino acids from the brain.

NMDA- and β-Amyloid1–42-Induced Neurotoxicity Is Attenuated in Serine Racemase Knock-Out Mice

“…In the microglia culture system, A␤ induces SR expression and stimulates the release of excitotoxic levels of D-serine (Wu et al, 2004). In line with these in vitro observations, a marked increase in D-serine level was detected in the CSF of AD patients (Fisher et al, 1998). The contribution of microgliaderived D-serine needs to be clarified in future studies.…”

Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Functionally Important Amino Acids and Metabolic Compounds in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Fisher et al [26] showed that free D -serine, D -aspartate and total D -amino acids were significantly higher (p ! 0.05) in AD ventricular CSF than in normal CSF.…”

“…D -Serine is thought to be an endogenous modulator for the NMDA receptor in various neuropsychiatric functions such as learning and nociception. It has been implicated in pathological conditions such as schizophrenia and AD [26] . In our study, CSF of patients with AD showed slightly increased levels of serine compared to CSF of patients with MCI.…”

Simultaneous Analysis of d- and l-Serine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Use of HPLC

“…Under the Sumichiral separation conditions described in this report, however, the dabsyl citrulline emerged after the glutamine peak and hence did not interfere with the quantitative analysis of d-and l-serine. There have been reports on CSF d-serine analysis in pathophysiology of diseases such as Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia (7,8,21,22 ). We chose to evaluate the possible roles of d-serine in pain, a multidimensional sensory experience.…”