Free cooling of data centers: A review

Zhang, Hainan; Shao, Shuangquan; Xu, Hongbo; Zou, Huiming; Tian, Changqing

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.017

Cited by 303 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…• Data center AC [11,13,35] • Turbine inlet air cooling [25,36,37] • Museum AC [15,16,38,39] • Ships and marine AC [40,41] • Storage of machinery, pharmacy, artifact, and electronic devices [42] Lots of research have been conducted worldwide in order to establish low-cost energy-efficient AC system for above-mentioned AC applications. Therefore, many systems have been resulted suitable depending upon the nature of AC application, availability of low-cost energy type, economics, efficiency, and sustainability.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the twenty-first century, lots of energy-efficient and low-cost AC systems have been studied, designed, developed and are under practice for various AC applications, for example, data center [11][12][13], museums [14][15][16], hospitals [17], automobiles [18,19], wet markets [20], marine ships [21], greenhouses [22], agricultural products storage [7], animals' thermal comfort [6], industrial processes [23], electronic cooling [24], turbine inlet air cooling [25], and so on. Most of these systems are either thermally driven or based on evaporative cooling conception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy-Efficient Air-Conditioning Systems for Nonhuman Applications

Sultan¹,

Miyazaki²

2017

Refrigeration

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In addition to humans' thermal comfort, air-conditioning (AC) could be required for various nonhuman applications, for example, animals' AC, greenhouse AC, food storage and transportation, industrial processes, and so on. In this regard, optimum conditions of air temperature and humidity are explored and compared on psychrometric charts. Thermodynamic limitations of existing AC systems are discussed from the subject point of view. Consequently, four kinds of low-cost energy-efficient AC systems, namely: (i) direct evaporative cooling (DEC), (ii) indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), (iii) Maisotsenko cycle (M-Cycle) evaporative cooling (MEC), and (iv) desiccant AC (DAC), are investigated for climatic conditions of two cities, that is, Multan (Pakistan) and Fukuoka (Japan). In addition, systems' fundamentals and principles are explained by means of schematic diagrams and basic heat/mass transfer relationships. According to the results, performance of all systems is influenced by ambient air conditions; therefore, a particular AC system cannot provide optimum AC for all nonhuman applications. However, one or other AC system can successfully provide desired conditions of temperature and relative humidity. It has been concluded that evaporative cooling systems provide low-cost AC for dry climates, whereas DAC system is found energy efficient and viable for humid climates.

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Section: Miscellaneous Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Air-Conditioning Systems for Nonhuman Applications

Sultan¹,

Miyazaki²

2017

Refrigeration

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show abstract

“…Heat pipe system can be further classified into the independent system and the integrated system. The independent heat pipe systems [4]- [9] cool data centers using heat pipe and need additional support of vapor compression systems when the ambient temperature is very high.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on energy efficiency of an integrated heat pipe system in data centers

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Using outdoor cold air for cooling base station is able to save a great amount of power consumption of air conditioning system during the winter and transition season. This cooling technology has alternative processes, i.e., direct fresh air cooling and isolated air heat exchanger systems [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%