Free Cells in the Lungs

Brain, Joseph D.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1970.00310090107013

Cited by 65 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most of the macrophages in the lung leave the alveoli by way of the airways and are expelled via the mucociliary pathway (19,37), but there are indications that PTM may leave the interstitium by way of the lymphatic channels (38,39) or perhaps the blood vessels (19), or travel locally to the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, where they might enter the airways at the level of the terminal bronchioli (40). Although our results do not provide any additional evidence for the proposed pathways of clearance, they do support the conclusion that there is no significant subpopulation of pulmonary macrophages having different kinetics, because such a subpopulation would have caused differences in labeling indices between the two populations in vivo.…”

Section: (15)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Kinetics, and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state.

Alblas¹,

Furth²

1979

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

315

111

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Pulmonary macrophages of mice in the steady state were isolated by lavage with PBS containing EDTA and subsequent enzymatic digestion of tissue with pronase and DNA-ase. By this method, the total pulmonary macrophage population was obtained in two cell suspensions, one with a pure population of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) and the other with a mixed population of pulmonary alveolar and pulmonary tissue macrophages (PTM). The morphological, cytochemical, and functional characteristics of both PAM and PTM were like those of mature tissue macrophages except for the presence of C3 receptors. These receptors were almost absent on PAM and present on a larger number of cells in the mixed population of PAM and PTM. The total pulmonary macrophage population of mice in the steady state is approximately equal to 2 x 10(6), of which about 93% are PAM and about 7% are PTM. In labeling experiments with 3H-thymidine, the low in vitro labeling indices (less than 3%) for both PAM and the mixture of PAM and PTM, showed that both are essentially nondividing cells. In vivo labeling studies showed an increase in the number of labeled macrophages that can only be attributed to labeled monocytes migrating into the lungs. Additional evidence was provided by a decrease in the labeling indices of pulmonary macrophages when mice were treated with hydrocortisone acetate, which causes a severe monocytopenia, thus preventing monocyte influx into the lungs. Confirmation of the bone marrow origin was obtained in mice labeled after x-irradiation with partial bone marrow shielding: labeled pulmonary macrophages were found in the exposed lungs. In all experiments, the labeling indices were identical in the two macrophage populations isolated. These results show that the influx of monocytes is the source of cell renewal for the pulmonary macrophages. No indications for an interstitial division or maturation compartment in the lung were found. Quantitation of the efflux of labeled monocytes from the blood, and the number of labeled pulmonary macrophages, showed that in the steady state about 15% of the monocytes leaving the circulation become pulmonary macrophages and that the turnover time of pulmonary macrophages is approximately equal to 27 d.

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Section: (15)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Kinetics, and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state.

Alblas¹,

Furth²

1979

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

315

111

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“…The alveolar macrophage is also present in the alveoli, but as a free-moving cell on top of the epithelium. It has a defensive function in the lung, attempting to remove particles, bacteria, etc., that are deposited in the alveoli (38,39).…”

Section: Histology Of the Alveolusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pulmonary extracellular lining.

George¹,

Hook²

1984

Environ Health Perspect

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The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the pulmonary extracellular lining may underlie some disease conditions induced by toxic agents, especially those which interfere with the formation of pulmonary surfactant. The extracellular lining could be used to detect and monitor damage and disease caused by agents toxic to the lungs. The lining contains many hydrolytic enzymes which may act to detoxify certain toxic agents such as those which contain ester groups. The pulmonary extracellular lining could play a significant role mediating the toxic action of inhaled agents as well as the removal of those agents from the lungs.

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“…An increasing number of immunological studies on cells obtained from lung wash ings, using both laboratory' animals [1,9,10,15] and nonclinical human material are reported in the medical literature [2, 3-6, 8, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general improvements in endoscopic techniques (particularly fibroscopy) and the gradual increase in the knowledge of factors involved in local immunity within the lungs have provided the impetus for the greater interest in this approach, especially as the majority of cells obtained during fibroscopy 1 This work was partially supported by a grant from the National Research Council (CNR) special project on preventive medicine: 'Chronic Obstruc tive Lung Disease '. originate from the bronchoalveolar air spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Bronchoalveolar Cells in Humans

Lenzini¹,

Heather²,

Rottoli³

et al. 1978

Respiration

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A preliminary investigation has been carried out on bronchoalveolar cells obtained following lavage in various respiratory diseases. Of 23 cases observed, 7 have been studied in detail, 6 cases provided insufficient material for investigation, and the data obtained from the remaining 10 cases were inconclusive. Considerations are made with regard to the value of bronchial lavage in clinical diagnosis and cell studies.

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Free Cells in the Lungs

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Origin, Kinetics, and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state.

Origin, Kinetics, and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state.

The pulmonary extracellular lining.

Studies on Bronchoalveolar Cells in Humans

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