“…Existing methods generally fall into four categories: (1) free-space-optics based approaches, including Michelson interferometers [32] or Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers [31, 33–40], Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometers [41–44], laser-beam MZ [45–49] and FP interferometers [50], and FP optical-films [51–60]; (2) fiber-optics based approaches, including intrinsic optical fiber interferometers [61–67], fiber Bragg gratings [68–73], and fiber FP probes [74–77]; (3) photonic integrated circuits, such as waveguide MZ interferometers [78], Bragg grating waveguides [79], and micro ring resonators (MRR) [30, 80–83]; and (4) optical interface based approaches, such as Fresnel reflection [84, 85] or surface-bonded photonic modes including photonic crystal surface wave [86, 87], surface plasmon resonance [88–91] and metamaterials [92]. We classify these optical ultrasound detection methods based on their implementation in PA imaging, which provides a guideline for readers to select detectors for their specific PA applications.…”