Free amino acids in the caiman and rat

Herbert, Jack D.; Coulson, Roland A.; Hernandez, Thomas

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(66)90589-5

Cited by 88 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Even in the muscle homogenates in which glutaminase was found, the activity was very low, and taking into account that the glutamine concentration is lower in skeletal than in cardiac muscle [Herbert et al, 1966], the estimated rate of hydrolysis of glutamine would be of the order of 1 yumole!g./hr. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Medical Research Council.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, however, little is known about the metabolism of either glutamate or glutamine in muscle, either cardiac or skeletal. These two amino acids, and glycine, are found in concentrations higher than those of the other free amino acids in muscle, and are concentrated some 10-50 times with respect to plasma [Herbert, Coulson and Hernandez, 1966]. It may be that glutamine is always actively transported from plasma into muscle cells, and is never synthesized there.…”

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confidence: 97%

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On the Presence of Glutaminase in Muscle

Ottaway

1969

Exp Physiol

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The glutaminase activity of rat cardiac and skeletal muscle has been investigated, and compared with that of rat kidney. Vmax per g. of protein was 42 /umole/hr for heart muscle homogenates and 478 imole/hr for kidney homogenates. Glutaminase activity was not detectable in about 50 per cent of the skeletal muscle homogenates; in the other 50 per cent the mean activity was about 30 ,umole/g. protein/hr. The apparent Km of the enzyme in all 3 tissues was approximately 4 mM.Bovine growth hormone injected into rats for 5 days did not alter the level of glutaminase activity in kidney or cardiac muscle, but significantly increased the percentage of skeletal muscle homogenates in which glutaminase was detectable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

On the Presence of Glutaminase in Muscle

Ottaway

1969

Exp Physiol

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“…7400056 bialkali phototubes ' Abbreviations used in this paper : ALA, 3-aminolevulinic acid ; BSA, bovine serum albumin ; DAB, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine ; ML, mitochondrial plus light mitochondrial fraction (2) ; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline, 0.15 M NaCl + 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 ; PBSLA, PBS containing 0 .1 MM L-leucine and 0 .01 mM ALA ; PCI, purified catalase immunoprecipitate ; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate ; TCA, trichloroacetic acid ; WLI, whole liver immunoprecipitate . 4 …”

Section: Radioactivity Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis and Turnover of Rat Liver Peroxisomes

Lazarow

Duve

1973

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Thus, these amino acids must have been replenished from some source. Intracellular fluids in some tissues contain high concentrations of glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine, but in most animals, essential amino acids are rarely maintained at greater than a 2 : 1 ratio with the extracellular fluid [15,16], Therefore, intra cellular fluid cannot supply free amino acids to the plasma without a general lowering of essential amino acids in the body water. Since this did not occur, degradation of the body protein must have supplied the necessary amino acids to maintain constant plasma (and body water) con centrations.…”

Section: Protein Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Amino Acids in the Anephric Goat

Herbert¹,

Pearson²,

Hellums³

et al. 1980

Nephron

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As part of an evaluation of the Spanish brush goat (Capra hiricus) as an anephric animal model, free amino acids were determined in plasma before and after 4-hour hemodialysis periods for 30–90 days following nephrectomy. The 72 liters of dialysate used in 4 h contained 15–17 mmol free amino acids in about the same proportions as in pre-dialysis plasma. Acid hydrolysis of deproteinized dialysate fluid released an additional 20 mmol amino acids, with much of the increase due to bound glycine. Despite the loss of some 5 mmol into dialysate, essential amino acids in plasma were unchanged during dialysis, indicating rapid replacement from some intracellular source (probably via breakdown of tissue protein). Some nonessential amino acids, particularly glycine and alanine, were considerably lowered by dialysis, suggesting that synthesis is required for maintenance of normal concentrations. Essential amino acids in predialysis plasma declined soon after nephrectomy and continued to fall during the ensuing 2–3 months, but most nonessential amino acids remained at about control levels. Both valine and tyrosine were decreased in the anephric animal, so the valine: glycine and tyrosine: phenylalanine ratios were lower than in controls. The general similarity between these data and those found for many uremic patients suggests that the anephric goat may provide a convenient model for study of negative nitrogen balance and other processes known to occur in uremia.

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Free amino acids in the caiman and rat

Cited by 88 publications

References 31 publications

On the Presence of Glutaminase in Muscle

On the Presence of Glutaminase in Muscle

The Synthesis and Turnover of Rat Liver Peroxisomes

Plasma Amino Acids in the Anephric Goat

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