Frazil ice formation and ice cover development in interior Alaska streams

Osterkamp, T. E.; Gosink, Joan

doi:10.1016/0165-232x(83)90016-2

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previous investigations (Osterkamp and Gosink, 1983) have described the process of edge ice growth as a "streamlining" of the river. The frazil ice tends to fill in meanders, embayments and irregularities in the river in such a way as to reduce the lateral energy transfer, and to increase the efficiency of water and ice transport in the river.…”

Section: Edge Ice Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have identified five processes that can produce large frazil ice floes in rivers (Osterkamp and Gosink, 1983). These processes include simple contact, compaction with drag cut-off, compaction and convergent flow with impact cut-off, extrusive flow and drag cut-off and direct agglomeration with cut-off controlled by river curvature.…”

Section: Freeze-up Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Frazil and Anchor Ice and Their Role in Ice Cover Development

Gosink¹,

Osterkamp²

1989

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Section: Edge Ice Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freeze-up Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Frazil and Anchor Ice and Their Role in Ice Cover Development

Gosink¹,

Osterkamp²

1989

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“…Tsang (1982) quoted sources that document anchor ice thicknesses of up to 1 m in the Neva River and up to 0.5 m in the Niagara River. Wigle (1970) and Arden and Wigle (1972) reported that anchor ice forms in all reaches of the upper Niagara River, and that the formation of anchor ice on clear, cold nights can reduce the river flow by 20 to 30 percent Osterkamp and Gosink (1983) observed that anchor ice modifies the hydraulic conditions in streams and can be responsible for substantial reworking of bottom sediments.…”

Section: Frazil Ice and Anchor Ice Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerated growth of the anchor-ice crystals occurs because the crystals are exposed to a continuous flow of supercooled water. Osterkamp and Gosink (1983) reported that the growth rate of anchor ice may increase by an order of magnitude over the growth rate of frazil-ice crystals in the flow. These two processes also can act simultaneously.…”

Section: Frazil Ice and Anchor Ice Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoes evolve into frazil-ice pans when exposed to frigid air. Frazil pans can range from 2 to 10 m in diameter and exceed 1 m in thickness (Osterkamp and Gosink, 1983). The accumulation of frazil ice pans against an obstruction and subsequent freezing of the water between pans can lead to the formation of a solid ice cover.…”

Section: Frazil Ice and Anchor Ice Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flume studies and field observations of the interaction of frazil ice and anchor ice with sediments

Kempema¹,

Reimnitz²,

Hunter³

1986

Open-File Report

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Floodplain stratigraphy of the ice jam dominated middle Yukon River: a new approach to long‐term flood frequency

Livingston¹,

Smith²,

Froese³

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Floodplain stratigraphy is used as a new method for reconstructing ice jam flood histories of northern rivers. The method, based on reconstruction of the sedimentary record of vertically-accreting floodplains, relies on stratigraphic logging and interpretation of floodplain sediments, which result from successive ice jam floods, and radiocarbon dating of inter-flood organic material for chronology. In a case study along a reach of the Yukon River that straddles the Yukon-Alaska border, the method is used to develop a record of ice jam flooding for the last 2000 years. Detailed chronostratigraphic logs from three sites along the Yukon River indicates that the long-term recurrence interval varies depending on location, but ranges from approximately once in 25 years to once in 38 years (or a probability of ca 3-4% in any given year). This is broadly similar to the 4Ð5% probability of recurrence calculated from archival and gauged data at Dawson City, Yukon Territory, for the period 1898-2006. Two of the three study locations, with sufficient chronology, suggest a decrease in flood frequency in the last several hundred years relative to the preceding period at each site, broadly corresponding to the Little Ice Age, suggesting climate exerts some control over long-term ice jam flood frequency. This study demonstrates that the floodplain sedimentary record offers the potential to extend records of ice jam flooding in remote, ungauged northern rivers and provides a broader temporal context for assessing the frequency and variability of ice jam flooding.

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Frazil ice formation and ice cover development in interior Alaska streams

Cited by 60 publications

References 2 publications

An Investigation of Frazil and Anchor Ice and Their Role in Ice Cover Development

An Investigation of Frazil and Anchor Ice and Their Role in Ice Cover Development

Flume studies and field observations of the interaction of frazil ice and anchor ice with sediments

Floodplain stratigraphy of the ice jam dominated middle Yukon River: a new approach to long‐term flood frequency

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