Fraud detection and self embedding

Lan, Tse-Hua; Tewfik, A.H.

doi:10.1145/319878.319887

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The authors in [2] also show that their proposed technique could resist rotation and scaling to some extent. v The concept of self-embedding [101], that is embedding important parts of an image (for example, the eyes of a person) onto the image itself, is important to detect (and if possible recover from) a tampering attack in which a portion of the image has been altered. In [101] the authors proposed a high capacity watermarking technique that is capable of detecting tampering and to some extent recover from it.…”

Section: September 2000 Ieee Signal Processing Magazine 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking digital image and video data. A state-of-the-art overview

Langelaar

Setyawan²,

Lagendijk³

2000

IEEE Signal Process. Mag.

782

349

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A watermark-embedding procedure is imperceptible if humans cannot distinguish the original data from the data with the inserted watermark.thentic. If a watermark is used for another application, however, it is desirable that the watermark always remains in the host data, even if the quality of the host data is degraded, intentionally or unintentionally. Examples of unintentional degradations are applications involving storage or transmission of data, where lossy compression techniques are applied to the data to reduce bit rates and increase efficiency. Other unintentional quality-degrading processing techniques include filtering, re-sampling, digital-analog (D/A) and analog-digital (A/D) conversion. On the other hand, a watermark can also be subjected to processing solely intended to remove the watermark [23]. In addition, when many copies of the same content exist with different watermarks, as would be the case for fingerprinting, watermark removal is possible because of collusion between several owners of copies. In general, there should be no way in which the watermark can be removed or altered without sufficient degradation of the perceptual quality of the host data so as to render it unusable. v Security: The security of watermarking techniques can be interpreted in the same way as the security of encryption techniques. Kerckhoff's assumption states that one should assume that the method used to encrypt the data is known to an unauthorized party and that the security must lie in the choice of a key [69]. Hence a watermarking technique is truly secure if knowing the exact algorithms for embedding and extracting the watermark does not help an unauthorized party to detect the presence of the watermark or remove it [97].v Oblivious versus Nonoblivious Watermarking: In some applications, like copyright protection and data monitoring, watermark extraction algorithms can use the original unwatermarked data to find the watermark. This is called nonoblivious watermarking [59]. In most other applications, e.g., copy protection and indexing, the watermark-extraction algorithms do not have access to the original unwatermarked data. This renders the watermark extraction more difficult. Watermarking algorithms of this kind are referred to as public, blind, or oblivious watermarking algorithms.The requirements listed above are all related to each other. For instance, a very robust watermark can be obtained by making many large modifications to the host data for each bit of the watermark. Large modifications in the host data will be noticeable, however, and many modifications per watermark bit will limit the maximum amount of watermark bits that can be stored in a data object. Hence, a tradeoff should be considered between the different requirements so that an optimal watermark for each application can be developed. The mutual dependencies between the basic requirements are shown in Fig. 1.The relation between the basic requirements for a well-designed secure watermark is represented in Fig. 2. The perceptual impact axis r...

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Section: September 2000 Ieee Signal Processing Magazine 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking digital image and video data. A state-of-the-art overview

Langelaar

Setyawan²,

Lagendijk³

2000

IEEE Signal Process. Mag.

782

349

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Self-embedding techniques for proof of authenticity and image protection as in Fridrich and Goljan, 12 Lan and Tewfik, 13 and in the case of video in Robie and Mersereau. 14 Proposed algorithms can be self authenticating or independently authenticating.…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of semifragile watermarking algorithms

Ekici

Sankur

Coskun

et al. 2004

J. Electron. Imaging

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Abstract. Semifragile watermarking techniques aim to prevent tampering and fraudulent use of modified images. A semifragile watermark monitors the integrity of the content of the image but not its numerical representation. Therefore, the watermark is designed so that the integrity is proven if the content of the image has not been tampered with, despite some mild processing on the image. However, if parts of the image are replaced with the wrong key or are heavily processed, the watermark information should indicate evidence of forgery. We compare the performance of eight semifragile watermarking algorithms in terms of their miss probability under forgery attack, and in terms of false alarm probability under nonmalicious signal processing operations that preserve the content and quality of the image. We propose desiderata for semifragile watermarking algorithms and indicate the promising algorithms among existing ones.

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“…Inserting a fake mark must be impractical. Enormous fragile [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], semi-fragile [17][18][19], hybrid fragile-robust [29][30][31], self-embedding/correction [23][24][25][26][27][28] watermarking schemes have recently been presented for multimedia data authentication/data integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To gather the different features of fragile-robust/semi-fragile watermarking as needed, some recent algorithms have combined the use of fragile and robust/semi-fragile watermarking algorithms schemes [29][30][31]. Furthermore, to not only localize altered regions but also compensate for the damage, self-embedding/auto-correction watermarking techniques have lately been presented that embed an image approximation/visual hash [20][21][22] into the image itself in a fragile [26,27] or semi-fragile/robust [23][24][25]28] way using various techniques as given in Section 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamper detection with self-correction hybrid spatial-DCT domains image authentication technique

2008

2008 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops (COMSWARE '08)

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The development of effective image authentication techniques is of remarkably growing interest. Some recently developed fragile, semi-fragile/robust or hybrid-watermarking algorithms not only verify the authenticity of the watermarked image but also provide self-reconstruction capabilities. However, several algorithms have been reported as vulnerable to various attacks, especially blind pattern matching attacks with insufficient security. In this paper, we propose a new blind dual-domain selfembedding watermarking scheme with more secure embedding processes of the image's blocks fragile signatures and robust approximations and more reliable local alterations detection with auto-correction capabilities while surviving normal image content preserving operations.

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Fraud detection and self embedding

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Watermarking digital image and video data. A state-of-the-art overview

Watermarking digital image and video data. A state-of-the-art overview

Comparative evaluation of semifragile watermarking algorithms

Tamper detection with self-correction hybrid spatial-DCT domains image authentication technique

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