“…Recent scandals (e.g., Germany's Wirecard 2020, UK's Serco 2018/2019, UK outsourcer Carillion 2018, and Gupta family businesses South Africa 2017) have further ignited scholarly, practitioner and policymaker interest in joint-audits. Since becoming a hotbed of attention, there has been growth in joint-audit research (e.g., Abdelmoula & Affes, 2019;Guo et al, 2017;Nekhili et al, 2014;Piot, 2007Piot, , 2008Velte, 2017); however, the overall volume of joint-audit research is scarce relative to other auditing research fields. Consequently, important empirical and theoretical questions remain open and in want of investigation (Hay, 2015(Hay, , 2019Lesage et al, 2017).…”