Framingham Study Insights into Hypertensive Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Kannel, William B.

doi:10.1291/hypres.18.181

Cited by 140 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this context, it should also be noted that LDL cholesterol per se is not related to high BP. 1 Several other studies have examined the relationship between insulin and arterial stiffness. [15][16][17][18][28][29][30][31][32][33] Many different methods and indices have been used Table 4 because P>0.05: log of VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, log of triglycerides, log of glucose, history of diabetes, diastolic BP, treatment of hypertension, BMI, waist/hip ratio, microalbuminuria, left ventricular mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption; X vs o5 beverages per day, physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation between insulin and aortic stiffness: a population-based study

et al. 2003

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Recent studies have suggested that a high pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of aortic stiffness, may be a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than a high blood pressure (BP). The relation between insulin, believed to play an important role in the development and clinical course of high BP, and PWV is not yet clear. Therefore, we decided to examine the relationship between insulin and PWV in a large population-based study. The study population consisted of a random sample of 1213 women and 1207 men (age range, 41-72 years) without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Fasting insulin was determined together with conventional risk factors for CVD. PWV was recorded transcutaneously by a mechanical electrical principle with one transducer positioned over the left common carotid artery, and another over the left femoral artery. In univariate analysis, insulin was highly significantly related to PWV (standardized regression coefficient: 0.0669 7 0.0051; Po0.001). In multivariate analysis, controlling for all well-established predictors of PWV, such as age, systolic BP or mean BP and pulse pressure, sex, and heart rate, as well as controlling for conventional risk factors for CVD and use of BP-lowering drugs, the level of insulin remained a significant predictor of PWV (standardized regression coefficient: 0.0122 7 0.0048; P ¼ 0.012). In conclusion, the present study found that a higher insulin level was related to a higher PWV. This indicates that hyperinsulinaemia may affect BP and risk of CVD by increasing aortic stiffness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 During the last 10 years, the significance of an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) in the pathogenesis of CVD has become clear. [3][4][5] This has led to growing interest in the mechanical properties of the aorta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between insulin and aortic stiffness: a population-based study

et al. 2003

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“…1,2 This condition is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, encephalic vascular accident and renal insufficiency. 3 The risk factors for hypertension are associated with many other factors, including lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment

et al. 2011

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We investigated the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) treatment and physical exercise on arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in volunteer patients with hypertension. A total of 54 sedentary volunteers were divided into three groups: normotensive (NT Group), hypertensive (HT Group) and HT volunteers treated with ACEi (ACEi Group). All volunteers underwent an aerobic physical-training protocol for 15 weeks. HRV was investigated using a spectral analysis of a time series of R-R interval (RRi) that was obtained in a supine position and during a tilt test. Physical training promoted a significant reduction in the mean arterial pressure of the HT group (113 ± 3 vs. 106 ± 1 mm Hg) and the ACEi group (104 ± 2 vs. Keywords: aerobic physical training; angiotensin; heart rate variability INTRODUCTION Hypertension is highly prevalent in the adult population and represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 1,2 This condition is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, encephalic vascular accident and renal insufficiency. 3 The risk factors for hypertension are associated with many other factors, including lifestyle. 4 The excessive ingestion of salt and alcohol, obesity, smoking and sedentariness represent the main behavioral factors that contribute to the occurrence and development of hypertension. 5 The treatment of hypertension consists mainly of a pharmacological approach, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) are an important class of medications. 6 ACEis reduce arterial pressure (AP) by decreasing the peripheral vascular resistance, and they reduce cardiac hypertrophy and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. 7-9 Additionally, ACEis have an important role in cardiac autonomic control. Some studies have shown that ACEi treatment of hypertension in experimental animals and humans improves baroreflex

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The risks associated with elevated blood pressure levels (BP) rise substantially with age. 2 Furthermore, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with greater risk than elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in older persons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in the control of blood pressure in an older Australian population

Chua

Rochtchina

2005

J Hum Hypertens

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Trends in blood pressure prevalence and control have important public health implications. We aim to document trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness and control in the older Australian population, a group at greatest risk of blood pressure related diseases. The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) is a population-based study of residents aged 49 years or older, in two postcode areas of the Blue Mountains, Australia. The first cross-section (BMES I, 1992(BMES I, -1994 .9 kg/m 2 ). Hypertension awareness decreased significantly from 79.8 to 73.0%, while treatment and control rates decreased from 71.1 to 67.3% and 56.3 to 46.5%, respectively (Po0.0001). Our results showed that elevated BMI (Po0.0001), lack of exercise (Po0.002) and serum triglyceride 42 mmol/l (Po0.0001) were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension. We found that the prevalence of hypertension in the older Australian population was increasing while awareness, treatment and control rates decreased. Programmes to improve community awareness of hypertension, and its association with BMI may lead to further reductions in blood pressure and the burden of cardiovascular disease.

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Framingham Study Insights into Hypertensive Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cited by 140 publications

References 51 publications

Relation between insulin and aortic stiffness: a population-based study

Relation between insulin and aortic stiffness: a population-based study

Physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment

Temporal changes in the control of blood pressure in an older Australian population

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