“…Frederiksen (2013, p. 321) defines digital badges as “visual representations of individual accomplishments, competencies or skills that are awarded by groups, institutions, or organizations, they are also part of larger educational reform initiatives”. As higher education moves increasingly toward the online environment (Ziegler, 2019) and pressure for assessing student learning outcomes and accountability increase, digital badges are seen as a method for not only measuring student learning (LaMagna, 2017) but also making students aware of skills and abilities gained that may otherwise not be formally recognized (Cantwell and Rose, 2018). As a digital badge is “used to display the single course of learning usually highlighted by a specific learning activity or completed project” (LaMagna, 2017, p. 208), badges offer a granular way of recognizing achievement within a learning program (Wills and Xie, 2016).…”