Framed field experiment on resource scarcity & extraction: Path-dependent generosity within sequential water appropriation

Food and income diversification decisions as climate change adaptation strategies: Evidence from Kalfou and Tabalak local governments, Tahoua State, Niger Republic

“…Their study also concluded that experimental studies are not only focusing on empirical testing, but also testing theoretical predictions, assessing impact both at local and community levels and analyzing how advances in technology offering new opportunities to elicit preferences and behavior of agents involved in the field of agriculture. Others studies conducted by Narloch et al 2013to investigate at payments for ecosystem services, by Prediger et al (2014) and Pfaff et al (2015) to study water scarcity and collective decision using a framed field experiments known as experimental auctions. Furthermore, Akoa Etoa et al 2016conducted a study to understand consumer demand for technology upgrading in rice parboiling in Cameroon using a framed field experiment and results revealed that perfections influenced consumer demand; Torero and Viceisza (2016) sought to analyze the degree of trust and the impact of auditing and to determine a potential collusion between firms and third-party auditors using a withinsubject study design and they concluded that the presence of a third party significantly increased trust; Iskandar et al 2016conducted a laboratory experiments to study compliance with environmental taxes in Indonesia and results indicated that compliance increases with financial rewards, but is diminished by the presence of bribes; Holden and Bruvik Westberg (2016) employed a series of risk experiments to study whether fertilizer use is associated with risk aversion, rainfall levels and variation among agricultural smallholders in Ethiopia and they found that price level, average rainfall and variability influenced demand for fertilizer.…”

Cooperation, institutions and sustainable development: empirical evidence from China

“…Sarangi, Jha, andHazarika 2015, Prediger, Vollan, andHerrmann 2014). While many economic studies manipulate resource scarcity using experimental methods (Pfaff et al 2015, Blanco, Lopez, and Villamayor-Tomas 2015, Gatiso, Vollan, and Nuppenau 2015 or focus on the impact of naturally occurring shocks on resource availability (Cassar, Healy, and Von Kessler 2017), few have examined the effect of relatively long-term exposure to resource scarcity on cooperation. In Chapter 3, we examine the impact of long-term exposure to resource scarcity on cooperation in a canal irrigation system in northwest China and show how resource scarcity helps to foster better cooperation among Chinese farmers.…”

“…Short-term resource scarcity caused by negative climate and economic shocks can incite conflicts as well (Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti 2004, Burke, Hsiang, and Miguel 2015, Maystadt and Ecker 2014. In experimental settings, artificially created scarcity can also undermine cooperative behavior (Pfaff et al 2015, Blanco, Lopez, and Villamayor-Tomas 2015, Gatiso, Vollan, and Nuppenau 2015).…”

“…Instead of artificially manipulating scarcity in experimental settings (e.g., Pfaff et al 2015), we measure water scarcity in the field, using a unique irrigation water quota system in western China. Under the quota system, the amount of water allocated to each village was based on the irrigated land areas self-reported by the village before the construction of the reservoir and canals in 1960s.…”

“…This study examines the role of resource scarcity in promoting the cooperative norm. While many studies manipulate resource scarcity using experimental methods (Pfaff et al 2015, Blanco, Lopez, and Villamayor-Tomas 2015, Gatiso, Vollan, and Nuppenau 2015 or focus on negative shocks on resource availability (Cassar, Healy, and Von Kessler 2017), few have examined the effect of relatively long-term resource scarcity on cooperation. Similar to our study, Sarangi, Jha, and Hazarika (2015) also measure the historical resource scarcity, but they mainly investigate how resource scarcity affects the culture of gender inequality.…”