Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of the rat lice, Polyplax asiatica and Polyplax spinulosa: intra-genus variation in fragmentation pattern and a possible link between the extent of fragmentation and the length of life cycle

Dong, Wen Ge; Song, Simon; Jin, Dao‐Chao; Guo, Xian; Shao, Renfu

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-44

Cited by 48 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although developing such a model is beyond the scope of the present study, we would suggest that four factors should be considered in developing evolution models for fragmented animal mt genomes: 1) splits and mergers of mt minichromosomes apparently occur at different rates; splits appear to occur much more often than mergers in the sucking lice; 2) the rate of minichromosome split can vary among different lineages, so can the rate of minichromosome merger, as observed in the sucking lice; 3) protein-coding and rRNA genes are much less likely to change their chromosomal locations than tRNA genes; and 4) a small number of tRNA genes can swap their identities by point mutations at anticodons (Lavrov and Lang 2005; Shao et al. 2009, 2012; Dong et al. 2014b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, it was thought that these least fragmented mt genomes might be ancestral to sucking lice or close to the ancestral condition (Jiang et al. 2013; Dong et al. 2014b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2013); 4) the horse louse, Haematopinus asini (Song et al. 2014); 5) the lice of the greater bandicoot rat and the Asian house rat, Polyplax asiatica and Polyplax spinulosa (Dong et al. 2014b); and 6) the lice of the Cheverier’s field mouse and the Bower’s white-toothed rat, Hoplopleura akanezumi and Hoplopleura kitti (Dong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)

Shao

Barker

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in 11 species of sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) that infest humans, chimpanzees, pigs, horses, and rodents. There is substantial variation among these lice in mt karyotype: the number of minichromosomes of a species ranges from 9 to 20; the number of genes in a minichromosome ranges from 1 to 8; gene arrangement in a minichromosome differs between species, even in the same genus. We sequenced the mt genome of the guanaco louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps, to help establish the ancestral mt karyotype for sucking lice and understand how fragmented mt genomes evolved. The guanaco louse has 12 mt minichromosomes; each minichromosome has 2–5 genes and a non-coding region. The guanaco louse shares many features with rodent lice in mt karyotype, more than with other sucking lice. The guanaco louse, however, is more closely related phylogenetically to human lice, chimpanzee lice, pig lice, and horse lice than to rodent lice. By parsimony analysis of shared features in mt karyotype, we infer that the most recent common ancestor of sucking lice, which lived ∼75 Ma, had 11 minichromosomes; each minichromosome had 1–6 genes and a non-coding region. As sucking lice diverged, split of mt minichromosomes occurred many times in the lineages leading to the lice of humans, chimpanzees, and rodents whereas merger of minichromosomes occurred in the lineage leading to the lice of pigs and horses. Together, splits and mergers of minichromosomes created a very complex and dynamic mt genome organization in the sucking lice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, it was thought that these least fragmented mt genomes might be ancestral to sucking lice or close to the ancestral condition (Jiang et al. 2013; Dong et al. 2014b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)

Shao

Barker

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…asiatica (one pair of genes) and Po. spinulosa (three pairs of genes [15]). It is noteworthy that trnL 1 and trnL 2 share identical sequences that are much longer than expected by chance in all of these five blood-sucking lice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmented mitochondrial genomes are present in both major clades of the blood-sucking lice (suborder Anoplura): evidence from two Hoplopleura rodent lice (family Hoplopleuridae)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe suborder Anoplura contains 540 species of blood-sucking lice that parasitize over 840 species of eutherian mammals. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been found in the lice of humans, pigs, horses and rats from four families: Pediculidae, Pthiridae, Haematopinidae and Polyplacidae. These lice, eight species in total, are from the same major clade of the Anoplura. The mt genomes of these lice consist of 9–20 minichromosomes; each minichromosome is 1.5–4 kb in size and has 1–8 genes. To understand mt genome fragmentation in the other major clade of the Anoplura, we sequenced the mt genomes of two species of rodent lice in the genus Hoplopleura (family Hoplopleuridae).ResultsWe identified 28 mt genes on 10 minichromosomes in the mouse louse, Ho. akanezumi; each minichromosome is 1.7–2.7 kb long and has 1–6 genes. We identified 34 mt genes on 11 minichromosomes in the rat louse, Ho. kitti; each minichromosome is 1.8–2.8 kb long and has 1–5 genes. Ho. akanezumi also has a chimeric minichromosome with parts of two rRNA genes and a full-length tRNA gene for tyrosine. These two rodent lice share the same pattern for the distribution of all of the protein-coding and rRNA genes but differ in tRNA gene content and gene arrangement in four minichromosomes. Like the four genera of blood-sucking lice that have been investigated in previous studies, the Hoplopleura species have four minichromosomes that are only found in this genus.ConclusionsOur results indicate that fragmented mt genomes were present in the most recent common ancestor of the two major clades of the blood-sucking lice, which lived ~75 million years ago. Intra-genus variation in the pattern of mt genome fragmentation is common in the blood-sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) and genus-specific minichromosomes are potential synapomorphies. Future studies should expand into more species, genera and families of blood-sucking lice to explore further the phylogenetic utility of the novel features associated with fragmented mt genomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-751) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…P. serrata carries the intracellular obligate symbiont Legionella polyplacis (Říhová, Nováková, Husník, & Hypša, 2017) which could be incompatible with the non-native genetic background. Similarly, since the Polyplax louse mitochondria are fragmented into 11 minichromosomes (Dong, Song, Jin, Guo, & Shao, 2014) a rearrangement of their genetic composition could theoretically lead to the SE/SW incompatibility. We therefore compare complete mitochondrial and symbiotic genomes to assess the degree of their divergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host “cleansing zone” at secondary contact: a new pattern in host-parasite population genetics

Martinů

Poosakkannu

Štefka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We introduce a new pattern of population genetic structure in a host-parasite system that can arise after secondary contact (SC) of previously isolated populations. Due to different generation time and therefore different tempo of molecular evolution the host and parasite populations reach different degrees of genetic differentiation during their separation (e.g. in refugia). Consequently, during the SC the host populations are able to re-establish a single panmictic population across the whole recolonized area, while the parasite populations stop their dispersal at the SC zone and create a narrow hybrid zone (HZ). From the host's perspective, the parasite's HZ functions on a microevolutionary scale as a "host-cleansing filter": while passing from area A to area B, the hosts are rid of the area A parasites and acquire the area B parasites. We demonstrate this novel pattern on a model composed of Apodemus mice and Polyplax lice by comparing maternally inherited markers (complete mitochondrial genomes, and complete genomes of vertically transmitted symbiont Legionella polyplacis) with SNPs derived from the louse genomic data. We discuss circumstances which may lead to this pattern and possible reasons why it has been overlooked in the studies on host-parasite population genetics. population genetics of the threatened Galápagos hawk and three ectoparasite species: ecology shapes population histories within parasite communities. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4759-4773. . (2014). Mitonuclear interactions: Evolutionary consequences over multiple biological scales. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130443. Author Contributions J.M. performed laboratory work, J.M. and A.P made data analyses under the supervision of J.Š. and V.H., with V.H. and J.Š. conceiving the study of P. serrata S lineage secondary contact zone. All four authors contributed toward the design of the study, and drafted the manuscript.

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Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of the rat lice, Polyplax asiatica and Polyplax spinulosa: intra-genus variation in fragmentation pattern and a possible link between the extent of fragmentation and the length of life cycle

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)

Fragmented mitochondrial genomes are present in both major clades of the blood-sucking lice (suborder Anoplura): evidence from two Hoplopleura rodent lice (family Hoplopleuridae)

Host “cleansing zone” at secondary contact: a new pattern in host-parasite population genetics

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