Abstract:Low-energy collisionally activated dissociation of 0-deprotonated dihydroxybenzenes (catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone) in the gas phase causes both fragmentation to form IC,H,O,J-ions by loss of the remaining oxygen-bound hydrogen atom and intramolecular hydrogen atom migration from 0 to C. The rearranged anions then undergo ring-cleavage reactions which are different in each case. Both catechol and hydroquinone produce fragments which are the result of the loss of two carbon atoms and both oxygen atoms but … Show more
“…The cleavage of H 2 O frequently represents the occurrence of an aliphatic hydroxyl moiety and less often of an aromatic alcohol moiety. 18,28 Since a cleavage of H 2 O is not observed in the MS 2 spectrum of BP-4, an aromatic hydroxyl group can be ruled out as origin. On the basis of MS 3 fragmentation, the benzhydrol derivative of BP-4 can be suggested to be TP 310.…”
The UV-filter substance Sulisobenzone (BP-4) is widely employed in sunscreens and other personal care products. In the current study, its behavior during biological wastewater treatment was investigated. In contact with activated sludge BP-4 was degraded in aerobic batch experiments forming at least nine transformation products (TPs). The mass balance in the batch experiments was closed, as measurements with LC-UV underlined that the quantity of the TPs was comparable to the BP-4 quantity transformed. The chemical structures of the nine TPs could be proposed based on accurate mass measurements by high resolution mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS), several fragmentation experiments up to MS(6) and synthesis of one TP. NMR analyses of the main TP confirmed its proposed chemical structure. At the beginning of the biotransformation of BP-4, a benzhydrol analogue was formed due to the reduction of the keto moiety. Further reactions (e.g., oxidation, demethylation, decarboxylation) led to the formation of extremely polar TPs. A biodegradation pathway was proposed based on the TP structures identified and the sequence of the TP formation. The isolated TPs exhibited higher toxic effects on Vibrio fischeri than BP-4. The results contribute to a better general understanding and prediction of the biotransformation of aromatic sulfonic acids in WWTPs.
“…The cleavage of H 2 O frequently represents the occurrence of an aliphatic hydroxyl moiety and less often of an aromatic alcohol moiety. 18,28 Since a cleavage of H 2 O is not observed in the MS 2 spectrum of BP-4, an aromatic hydroxyl group can be ruled out as origin. On the basis of MS 3 fragmentation, the benzhydrol derivative of BP-4 can be suggested to be TP 310.…”
The UV-filter substance Sulisobenzone (BP-4) is widely employed in sunscreens and other personal care products. In the current study, its behavior during biological wastewater treatment was investigated. In contact with activated sludge BP-4 was degraded in aerobic batch experiments forming at least nine transformation products (TPs). The mass balance in the batch experiments was closed, as measurements with LC-UV underlined that the quantity of the TPs was comparable to the BP-4 quantity transformed. The chemical structures of the nine TPs could be proposed based on accurate mass measurements by high resolution mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS), several fragmentation experiments up to MS(6) and synthesis of one TP. NMR analyses of the main TP confirmed its proposed chemical structure. At the beginning of the biotransformation of BP-4, a benzhydrol analogue was formed due to the reduction of the keto moiety. Further reactions (e.g., oxidation, demethylation, decarboxylation) led to the formation of extremely polar TPs. A biodegradation pathway was proposed based on the TP structures identified and the sequence of the TP formation. The isolated TPs exhibited higher toxic effects on Vibrio fischeri than BP-4. The results contribute to a better general understanding and prediction of the biotransformation of aromatic sulfonic acids in WWTPs.
“…Structures such as hydroxylated cyclic and polycyclic structures (i.e., polyphenols) are also prone to multiple gas phase artifacts, including water elimination (loss À17), hydrogen elimination (À1), radical fragmentation (loss À15, À14), Retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) reactions (C-ring electron rearrangement) (þ or À2), gas-phase dimers, or combinations thereof (such as loss À13 or À12). [56][57][58] Finally, in-source fragmentation following soft-ionization is often observed for sugars and phase II conjugates, particularly sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.…”
“…One theoretical study found a calculated barrier of approximately 2360 cm –1 for intramolecular transfer of the proton between the two O atoms in o -HPO – , sufficiently large to make proton tunneling negligible. Experimental work has studied collision-induced fragmentation of o -HPO – and the kinetics of its reactions with BF 3 and SiF 4 . A study by Fattahi et al estimated the electron binding energy and proton affinity of o -HPO – through bracketing with numerous ion–molecule reactions.…”
We report high-resolution photodetachment spectra of cryogenically cooled ortho-hydroxyphenoxide anions (o-HOC6H4O(-)) using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy (cryo-SEVI). We observe transitions to the three lowest-lying electronic states of the ortho-hydroxyphenoxy radical, and resolve detailed vibrational features. Comparison to Franck-Condon simulations allows for clear assignment of vibronic structure. We find an electron affinity of 2.3292(4) eV for the neutral X̃(2)A″ ground state, improving upon the accuracy of previous experiments. We measure term energies of 1.4574(7) eV and 1.5922(48) eV for the Ã(2)A' and B̃(2)A″ excited states respectively, representing their first resolution and clear assignment. Photodetachment threshold effects are considered to explain the structure of these bands.
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