Fragmentation in thermal explosions

Board, S.J.; Farmer, Chris L.; Poole, D. H.

doi:10.1016/0017-9310(74)90094-5

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The surfaces of particles show the infl uence of watermagma interaction, a form of "fuel-coolant interaction (FCI)" (e.g., Sheridan and Wohletz, 1983). FCI involves the contact of two fl uids, where the fuel has a temperature above the boiling point of the coolant (Board et al, 1974;Buchanan, 1974;Board and Hall, 1975;Frölich et al, 1976;Drumheller, 1979;Corradini, 1981). The interaction generally results in vaporization of the coolant and chilling or quenching of the fuel.…”

Section: Types Of Pyroclasts In 1982-1983 Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative scanning-electron microscope analysis of volcanic ash surfaces: Application to the 1982-1983 Galunggung eruption (Indonesia)

Ersoy¹,

Gourgaud²,

Aydar³

et al. 2007

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Qualitative analyses of volcanic ash are time-consuming and subjective, whereas quantitative analyses are methodical and automated. Not only volcanic ash particles, but also many natural particles have been widely described and quantifi ed by their outlines. The qualitative data of volcanic ash surfaces need to be expressed quantitatively, supported by supplementary methods such as statistical analysis and artifi cial intelligence. Well-defi ned surface descriptors can be applied to volcanic ash particles. In this study, roughness and texture descriptors of pyroclastic material from the 1982-1983 eruption of Galunggung (Java, Indonesia) were used to describe the vesicle surfaces of the particles, alteration intensity, and/or fi ne particle abundance. These parameters are important for distinguishing the products of magmatic eruptions from those of phreatomagmatic eruptions. Further application of this method may allow these descriptors to be easily converted to alteration grade, vesicularity index, intensity of the fragmentation mechanism, and relative proportions of the pyroclast types. Hence, discrimination between products of different fragmentation mechanisms may permit forecasting of volcanic hazards.

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Section: Types Of Pyroclasts In 1982-1983 Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative scanning-electron microscope analysis of volcanic ash surfaces: Application to the 1982-1983 Galunggung eruption (Indonesia)

Ersoy¹,

Gourgaud²,

Aydar³

et al. 2007

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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“…Hydromagmatic explosions are due to the transfer of heat from melt to water at timescales of microseconds or shorter, resulting in superheating, nucleation of vapor, and, potentially, pressure-induced detonation (Wohletz 1983). Fragmentation itself is in part caused by the stresses associated with a cyclic process of vapor film generation and collapse (Buchanan & Dullforce 1973;Board et al 1974Board et al , 1975Corradini 1991), and additional fragmentation takes place within the turbulent explosion jet (Mastin 2007). Fragmentation by water vaporization involves repeated cycles of (a) vapor film formation at the melt-water interface; (b) vapor film expansion, condensation, and collapse, leading to instabilities that fragment melt at the interface; and (c) increased heat transfer as new surface area is created.…”

Section: Hydromagmatic Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma Fragmentation

Gonnermann

2015

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

132

109

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Magma fragmentation is the breakup of a continuous volume of molten rock into discrete pieces, called pyroclasts. Because magma contains bubbles of compressible magmatic volatiles, decompression of low-viscosity magma leads to rapid expansion. The magma is torn into fragments, as it is stretched into hydrodynamically unstable sheets and filaments. If the magma is highly viscous, resistance to bubble growth will instead lead to excess gas pressure and the magma will deform viscoelastically by fracturing like a glassy solid, resulting in the formation of a violently expanding gas-pyroclast mixture. In either case, fragmentation represents the conversion of potential energy into the surface energy of the newly created fragments and the kinetic energy of the expanding gas-pyroclast mixture. If magma comes into contact with external water, the conversion of thermal energy will vaporize water and quench magma at the melt-water interface, thus creating dynamic stresses that cause fragmentation and the release of kinetic energy. Lastly, shear deformation of highly viscous magma may cause brittle fractures and release seismic energy.14.1

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“…and 4 fine-scale fragmentation of the fuel and explosive vaporization of the coolant. Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that fine-scale fragmentation is required to produce the interactive surface area necessary to reconcile the observed Ž energy release with known heat transfer rates Board et al, 1974;Frohlich et al, 1976;Frohlich, 1987;. Zimanowski et al, 1991;Fodemski, 1992 .…”

Section: Explosion Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Littoral hydrovolcanic explosions: a case study of lava–seawater interaction at Kilauea Volcano

Mattox

Mangan

1997

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

151

156

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A variety of hydrovolcanic explosions may occur as basaltic lava flows into the ocean. Observations and measurements were made during a two-year span of unusually explosive littoral activity as tube-fed pahoehoe from Kilauea Volcano inundated the southeast coastline of the island of Hawai'i. Our observations suggest that explosive interactions require high Ž 3 . entrance fluxes G 4 m rs and are most often initiated by collapse of a developing lava delta. Two types of interactions were observed. ''Open mixing'' of lava and seawater occurred when delta collapse exposed the mouth of a severed lava tube or incandescent fault scarp to wave action. The ensuing explosions produced unconsolidated deposits of glassy lava fragments or lithic debris. Interactions under ''confined mixing'' conditions occurred when a lava tube situated at or below sea level fractured. Explosions ruptured the roof of the tube and produced circular mounds of welded spatter. We estimate a waterrrock mass ratio of 0.15 for the most common type of littoral explosion and a kinetic energy release of 0.07-1.3 kJrkg for the range of events witnessed.

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Fragmentation in thermal explosions

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Quantitative scanning-electron microscope analysis of volcanic ash surfaces: Application to the 1982-1983 Galunggung eruption (Indonesia)

Quantitative scanning-electron microscope analysis of volcanic ash surfaces: Application to the 1982-1983 Galunggung eruption (Indonesia)

Magma Fragmentation

Littoral hydrovolcanic explosions: a case study of lava–seawater interaction at Kilauea Volcano

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