Fragility-informed selection of bridge retrofit scheme based on performance criteria

Paraskevopoulos, Elias; Kappos, Andreas J.

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111976

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…and they are usually defined as two-parameters lognormal distribution functions, e.g. see for bridges subjected to flood, Stefanidou and Kappos (2021) for earthquakes, Balomenos et al (2020) for hurricane loads, and Gidaris et al (2017) for multiple hazards. Figure 3 illustrates how for a given hazard intensity (step 1), in this case a scour depth equal to 2.0m, the probabilities of damage exceedance and occurrence obtained from the fragility curves (steps 2 and 3) are used to estimate the direct (physical) loss (steps 4 to 6) for a three-span reinforced concrete integral bridge with shallow foundations.…”

Section: Fragility and Restoration Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience metrics for transport networks: a review and practical examples for bridges

Argyroudis

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engi

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Climate change, diverse geohazards and structural deterioration pose major challenges in planning, maintenance and emergency response for transport infrastructure operators. Hence, to manage these risks and adapt to changing conditions, well-informed resilience assessment and decision-making tools are required. These tools are commonly associated with resilience metrics, which quantify the capacity of transport networks to withstand and absorb damage, recover after a disruption and adapt to future changes. Several resilience metrics have been proposed in the literature, however, there is lack of practical applications and worked examples. This paper attempts to fill this gap and provide engineers and novice researchers with a review of available metrics on the basis of the main properties of resilience, i.e. robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness and rapidity. The main steps of resilience assessment for transport infrastructure such as bridges are discussed and the use of fragility and restoration functions to assess the robustness and rapidity of recovery is demonstrated. Practical examples are provided using a bridge exposed to scour effects as a benchmark. Also, an illustrative example of a systems of assets is provided and different aspects of resilience-based decision making are discussed, aiming to provide a comprehensive, yet straightforward, understanding of resilience.

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Section: Fragility and Restoration Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience metrics for transport networks: a review and practical examples for bridges

Argyroudis

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engi

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“…They are used to derive bridge fragility curves as a tool for risk assessment, retrofit optimization, and prioritization. 30,31 Even though many methodologies are available for the seismic fragility analysis of highway bridges, few of them are extended to railway bridges, considering proposed classification schemes, methods, and fragility models similar to highway bridges. [32][33][34] The validity of using existing HAZUS-MH recommendations for highway bridge fragilities as proxies for the railway bridge counterpart has been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the methodologies available refer to highway bridges and are differentiated regarding the limit state definition, the critical components considered, the analysis methods and intensity measure used, the uncertainty treatment, etc. They are used to derive bridge fragility curves as a tool for risk assessment, retrofit optimization, and prioritization 30,31 . Even though many methodologies are available for the seismic fragility analysis of highway bridges, few of them are extended to railway bridges, considering proposed classification schemes, methods, and fragility models similar to highway bridges 32–34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic fragility analysis of railway reinforced concrete bridges considering real‐time vehicle‐bridge interaction with the aid of co‐simulation techniques

Paraskevopoulos

2022

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Based on past earthquake events, bridges are the most critical and most vulnerable component of road and rail transport systems, while bridge damage is related to substantial direct and indirect losses. For the case of railway bridges, the estimation of seismic fragility is a rather complex and computationally demanding procedure given the real-time interaction of the train movement and the bridge and the different failure modes of subsystems. Considering vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) in the frame of railway bridge fragility analysis is rather challenging, requiring analysis of the bridge and the vehicle at every time step. Partitioning of the coupled VBI problem proposing a weak formulation scheme and a set of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is performed in a way that allows for independent subsystem (vehicle and bridge) analysis. Several methodologies are available in the literature to estimate the seismic fragility of train-bridge systems that ignore the nonlinear behavior of the bridge during earthquake loading, the step-by-step VBI, and the different failure modes of critical components. The scope of this research paper is to propose a real-time component-based methodology for estimating bridge fragility curves, considering all critical components and failure modes of subsystems. The two subsystems are incorporated in a uniform software platform using the co-simulation approach and a Gauss-Seidel communication pattern. The vehicle-rail system is solved using a C++ tailor-made code, including a mathematical formulation that is based on the description of the constrained problem with a set of pure ODEs, avoiding issues related to differential-algebraic equations, constraint violation, drifts, energy loss, stability, and convergence. The vehicle subsystem is solved using multibody dynamics (MBD), while the bridge subsystem is modeled and solved using OpenSees.py. An ad-hoc software for the implementation of the probabilistic framework and the derivation of fragility curves is developed in Python. A novel methodological procedure is proposed, dully tailored to the demanding estimation of fragility curves of the coupled vehicle-bridge problem.The step-by-step solution of subsystems is performed using the co-simulation technique. Real-time interaction is allowed, considering a rational transfer of

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“…A common approach to defining the seismic risk of a bridge stock is the application of bridge fragility functions which help indicate the damage probability of a bridge beyond a given limit state for various levels of ground shaking intensity. Extensive studies have been carried out on the seismic vulnerability of the bridge stocks through the generation of fragility functions [including but not limited to Banerjee and Shinozuka (2008); HAZUS-MH (2003); Huo and Zhang (2013); Mackie and Stojadinović (2001); Mangalathu (2017); Mangalathu et al (2018); Padgett and DesRoches (2008); Ramanathan (2012); Xie et al (2019); Zhang et al (2019); Stefanidou and Kappos (2021); and Stefanidou et al (2022)]. However, very few studies [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic fragility assessment of bridges with as-built and retrofitted splice-deficient columns

Opabola

Mangalathu²

2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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A significant proportion of existing bridges in high seismic regions were constructed prior to the 1970s. As a result of poor reinforcement detailing, pre-1970s bridge columns are susceptible to lap-splice or shear failure in the plastic region. Given the high economic impact of retrofitting all pre-1970s reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, it is essential to identify the most vulnerable bridges for retrofit prioritisation. Analytical fragility functions are useful for quantifying the seismic vulnerability of existing bridge stock. However, the accuracy of these fragility functions relies on the adequacy of the adopted modelling approach. This paper presents a hinge-type modelling approach for capturing the seismic response of as-built splice-deficient and retrofitted RC bridge columns. Fragility analysis is carried out for typical seat and diaphragm abutment two-span bridges using the proposed hinge-type modelling approach. The results showed that the vulnerability of the bridges depends on the column failure mode and the limit state under consideration. Also, the common notion that the column is the most vulnerable component may not necessarily be true. The study underscored that retrofitting columns without retrofitting other components may not effectively mitigate the damage and associated risk.

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Fragility-informed selection of bridge retrofit scheme based on performance criteria

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Resilience metrics for transport networks: a review and practical examples for bridges

Resilience metrics for transport networks: a review and practical examples for bridges

Seismic fragility analysis of railway reinforced concrete bridges considering real‐time vehicle‐bridge interaction with the aid of co‐simulation techniques

Seismic fragility assessment of bridges with as-built and retrofitted splice-deficient columns

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