Fractures of the Stylomandibular Complex: A Prospective Study Proposing a Classification and Clinical Protocol

A Curious Case of Persistent Throat Pain—Bone Fragment in the Parapharyngeal Space

“…This led to a parapharyngeal bony remnant and persistent symptoms. The common symptoms associated with styloid fractures include odynophagia, dysphagia, trismus, and neuralgia . These symptoms in patients after tonsillectomy lead to a diagnosis of Eagle syndrome .…”

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: MVD vs GKS

“…[16] and by Nishihara et al [17]. Patients that present with GPN, should be treated initially with a pharmacological approach and many times this treatment is enough [13,3]. Despite the usage of new anti-epileptic drugs to the treatment of GPN, surgery is still needed in cases of drug intolerance and/or refractoriness [15].…”

“…The study of Panneerselvam et al 18 founded only 1 patient, among 206, presenting with GPN. The patient had a good outcome after being treated with carbamazepine and nerve block [13]. The initial treatment established by Vecchi et al [3] was conservative, consisting in the pharmacologic administration of pregabalin, starting with low doses of 100 mg/day, followed by a therapeutic increase of 100 mg every 3-4 days, until it reaches the maximum dose of 300 mg/day.…”

“…The meticulous examination of these patients demonstrated concomitant fractures of the styloid process. The styloid process regards close anatomic relation with vital structures, like the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves such as the glossopharyngeal, that feature justify the structure clinical importance [13], what can be seen in GPN is divided into classic and symptomatic using the International Headache Society diagnosis guidelines witch takes into consideration the durations lasting from fractions of second up to 2 minutes and involving one or more regions of the NC IX, characteristics of the pain as intense, sharp, superficial, stabbing, and/or precipitated by trigger areas or trigger factors and stereotyped in the individual patient, in which the latter requires a causative lesion to be demonstrated by surgery and/or special investigation [14,15,11]. No distal neurological deficits should be observed.…”

Cervico-stylo-mandibular complex fracture: a critical review of literature along with a protocol to recognize and proposal of a new classification

“…Recently, a few surgeons have focused on classification based on radiological imaging in temporal SP fractures 12,13 . A validated, comprehensive, and structured classification of cervico-stylo-mandibular fractures has not been proposed until now.…”