Fracture toughness of nylon 6 blends with maleated ethylene/propylene rubbers

Okada, Osamu; Keskkula, H.; Paul, Donald R

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00163-4

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The smallest domain size achievable for the ordinary rubber is about 0.2 mm. [14] The reasons will be investigated further. Figure 2 shows the TEM morphology of nylon 6/CSBR blends with 20 wt.-% rubber content.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Impact Modifier for Nylon 6

Peng

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2002

Macro Materials & Eng

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A new carboxylated styrene‐butadiene rubber (CSBR) in ultrafine powder form was used to modify the properties of nylon 6. The nylon 6/CSBR blends possessed higher toughness than nylon 6/maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene‐octene elastomer (POE‐g‐MAH) system. TEM micrographs revealed the fine dispersion of CSBR particles with a diameter of 150 nm. The effective toughening of nylon 6 with CSBR was attributed to the good interface, fine dispersion, and shear yielding. TEM photograph of undeformed Nylon 6/CSBR (80/20) blend (×40 000).magnified imageTEM photograph of undeformed Nylon 6/CSBR (80/20) blend (×40 000).

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Impact Modifier for Nylon 6

Peng

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2002

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Uma outra hipótese seria observar a morfologia com o copolímero com 10 %MA, Figura 3 (b). Ela apresenta um tamanho de partí-cula menor do que as demais, ou seja, provavelmente um tamanho inferior ao limite crítico para tenacificação, como mencionado na literatura [25,28] e argumenta-se que um aumento na quantidade de grupos funcionais reduz o tamanho da fase dispersa e melhora as propriedades de impacto, se as partículas forem originalmente grandes o suficiente para a tenacificação efetiva [27] . As partículas de borracha devem funcionar não apenas iniciando os mecanismos de tenacificação, que começam ao redor delas, mas também retardando a fratura.…”

Section: Araújo E M Et Al -Blendas De Poliamida 6/absunclassified

“…Recentemente, foi mostrada a influência de dois compatibilizantes, os copolímeros metacrilato de metila-metacrilato de glicidila (MMA-GMA) e metacrilato de metila-anidrido maléico (MMA-MA), nas propriedades reológicas e mecânicas da blenda PA6/ABS [11] . A escolha desses compatibilizantes se deve ao fato de que o poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) é miscível com a fase SAN do ABS, conforme a literatura [14,15] ; o grupo epóxi presente no GMA é capaz de reagir com as extremidades de cadeia da PA6 [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ; o anidrido maléico (MA) é capaz de reagir com os grupos amina da PA6 [24][25][26][27][28] . A blenda PA6/ABS/ MMA-MA apresentou excelente desempenho sob impacto, atingindo valores acima de 800 J/m, ou seja, supertenaz e com baixos conteúdos de MA (3%), evidenciando a presença efetiva do copolímero, à base de MA, como agente de compatibilização reativo deste sistema.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Compatibilização de blendas de poliamida 6/ABS usando os copolímeros acrílicos reativos MMA-GMA e MMA-MA. Parte 2: Comportamento termomecânico e morfológico das blendas

2004

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Resumo: Blendas poliméricas de poliamida 6 (PA6) com acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno (ABS) foram preparadas em extrusora de rosca dupla, utilizando-se os copolímeros metacrilato de metila -metacrilato de glicidila (MMA-GMA) e metacrilato de metila-anidrido maléico (MMA-MA) como agentes de compatibilização. O ABS, por si só, não foi capaz de tenacificar a PA6, apresentando uma morfologia de fases com grandes e pequenos aglomerados na matriz PA6. A introdução do copolímero MMA-GMA, como compatibilizante do sistema, não melhorou significativamente as propriedades de impacto da blenda PA6/ ABS. As fotomicrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) indicaram uma morfologia com duas populações distintas de ABS: aglomerados e pequenas partículas dispersas, resultando em uma distribuição não-uniforme de domínios de ABS. A blenda compatibilizada com MMA-MA foi supertenaz (> 800 J/m) na temperatura ambiente e em baixas temperaturas (~ -10 °C), com baixas concentrações de compatibilizante e baixos teores de MA no copolímero. As blendas PA6/ ABS compatibilizadas com MMA-MA apresentaram uma morfologia de partículas bem dispersas e adequadamente distribuí-das na matriz, evidenciando a presença efetiva do copolímero como agente de compatibilização reativo deste sistema. Abstract: Blends of Polyamide 6 (PA6) with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were prepared in a corotating twin-screw extruder, using the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (MMA-GMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate-comaleic anhydride) (MMA-MA) copolymers as compatibilizing agents. The ABS by itself was not capable to toughen PA6 and showed a phase morphology with large and small agglomerates in the PA6 matrix. The introduction of MMA-GMA copolymer as a compatibilizing agent in the system did not significantly improve the impact properties of PA6/ABS blend. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) photomicrographs indicated a morphology with two distinct populations of ABS: agglomerates and small dispersed particles resulting in a non-uniform distribution of ABS domains. The compatibilized blend with MMA-MA was super-tough (> 800 J/m) at room temperature and low temperature (~ -10 °C) with small amounts of MA in the copolymer and small amounts of compatibilizer in the blend. The PA6/ABS compatibilized blends with MMA-MA showed a morphology of well dispersed and distributed rubber particles in PA6 matrix, thus demonstrating the effective presence of the copolymer as a compatibilizing reactive agent of this system. Palavras Keywords: Morphology, toughness, polyamide, ABS.tivo para aplicações de engenharia. No entanto, a sua sensibilidade à propagação de trinca, alta absorção de umidade, estabilidade dimensional pobre, temperaturas de deflexão térmica relativamente baixas e fragilidade em temperaturas sub-ambientes tornam seu uso restrito a algumas

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“…Similarly for PP/polyolefin elastomer blends the EWF was reported to be more dominated by necking and its subsequent associated processes whereas bw p decreased with the increase in POE content due to a significant decrease in the shape factor b [13]. Okada et al [14] have reported on the fracture toughness of PA-6 blends with maleated rubbers (EPR). Blends with rubber particle size \0.7 lm showed ductile fracture whereas the ones with [0.7 lm exhibited ductileto-brittle transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Kinetic and structural interpretations of post-yield crack resistance behavior of polyamide-6/polyolefin-g-maleic anhydride blends

2012

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Binary blends of polyamide-6 (PA-6)/polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and PA-6/low density polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (LDPE-g-MA) were prepared with varied concentration (0-30 wt%) of maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefinic (PP) moiety as the impact modifier. The microstructural attributes and thermal properties of the blends were characterized by WAXD, FTIR, SEM, DSC, and TGA. The WAXD/DSC studies have revealed that the crystallinity of the blends decreased with the increase in the PP modifier whereas the onset of degradation temperature remained nearly unaffected. Comparative assessment of the crack toughness behavior of the blends has been carried out following the essential work of fracture (EWF) approach based on post-yield fracture mechanics (PYFM) concept. The kinetics of crack propagation of the blends has been discussed in the realms of structural and compositional parameters. An enhancement in the toughness (resistance to stable crack propagation) as indicated by a maximum in the non-EWF (bw p ) values have been observed at 10 and 20 wt% followed by a sharp and consistent drop in the composition regime of 10-20 and 20-30 wt% of PP-g-MA and LDPE-g-MA, respectively; conceptually implying possible ductile-to-semiductile transitions in the blend systems. The equivalence of PYFM-EPFM fracture parameters have been discussed following inequality criterion. Fractured surface morphology investigations revealed that the failure mode of the blends undergo a systematic transition from matrix-controlled homogeneous flow/deformation in the PP/polyamide phase to blend composition-dependent changes in the modes and extent of fibrillation via cavitation and shear-banding mechanisms.

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Fracture toughness of nylon 6 blends with maleated ethylene/propylene rubbers

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

A Novel Impact Modifier for Nylon 6

A Novel Impact Modifier for Nylon 6

Compatibilização de blendas de poliamida 6/ABS usando os copolímeros acrílicos reativos MMA-GMA e MMA-MA. Parte 2: Comportamento termomecânico e morfológico das blendas

Kinetic and structural interpretations of post-yield crack resistance behavior of polyamide-6/polyolefin-g-maleic anhydride blends

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