Fracture toughness of bulk metallic glass welds made using nanostructured reactive multilayer foils

Trenkle, Jonathan C.; Weihs, Timothy P.; Hufnagel, T. C.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.060

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The six material systems analyzed in this study are a subset of a much larger family of recently discovered, RE-TM intermetallic compounds that exhibit large ductility at room temperature. [1][2][3][4]10 Potentially, one of these RE-TM compounds may prove beneficial to joining processes that rely on energetic multilayer foils 35,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] as heat sources, where improvement of the mechanical properties 42 could lead to tough, more durable joints. Although the current study demonstrates the ability for exothermic RE-TM multilayers to reliably react and evolve heat while forming desirable cubic B2 structures, future work must be done to assess the mechanical properties of the product material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Reactive multilayers have emerged as a useful means for synthesizing novel intermetallic compounds and alloys, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and they have been used for specialized joining applications. 35,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] In the current study, the SHS of vapor-deposited Y/Ag, Y/Au, Y/Cu, Sc/Ag, Sc/Au, and Sc/Cu multilayers is presented. We originally identified these and other RE metal-TM pairs as candidate multilayers from Gschneidner's 1 list of ductile, B2-forming compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds produced via self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis

et al. 2010

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Several binary intermetallic compounds-each containing a rare-earth (RE) element paired with a transition metal (TM)-were prepared by self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Thin multilayers, composed of alternating Sc or Y (RE element) and Ag, Cu, or Au (TM), were first deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. Once the initially distinct layers were stimulated and caused to mix, exothermic reactions propagated to completion. X-ray diffraction revealed that Sc/Au, Sc/Cu, Y/Au, and Y/Cu multilayers react in vacuum to form single-phase, cubic B2 structures. Multilayers containing Ag and a RE metal formed cubic B2 (RE)Ag and a minority (RE)Ag 2 phase. The influence of an oxygen-containing environment on the reaction dynamics and the formation of phase were investigated, providing evidence for the participation of secondary combustion reactions during metal-metal SHS. High-speed photography demonstrated reaction propagation speeds that ranged from 0.1-40.0 m/s (dependent on material system and foil design). Both steady and spin-like reaction modes were observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds produced via self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis

et al. 2010

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“…Weihs, Knio, and their colleagues have championed Ni .91 V .09 /Al for reactive multilayer joining and developed a commercial product known as NanoFoil® [4,68,[217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228]. This planar multilayer is currently fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition and is available in different thicknesses, from 40 to 150 μm.…”

Section: Joiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

2015

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Available online xxxxReactive multilayer thin films are a class of energetic materials that continue to attract attention for use in joining applications and as igniters. Generally composed of two reactants, these heterogeneous solids can be stimulated by an external source to promptly release stored chemical energy in a sudden emission of light and heat. In this critical review article, results from recent investigations of these materials are discussed. Discussion begins with a brief description of the vapor deposition techniques that provide accurate control of layer thickness and film composition. More than 50 reactive film compositions have been reported to date, with most multilayers fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition or electron-beam evaporation. In subsequent sections, we review how multilayer ignition threshold, reaction rate, and total heat are tailored via thin film design. For example, planar multilayers with nanometer-scale periodicity exhibit rapid, self-sustained reactions with wavefront velocities up to 100 m/s. Numeric and analytical models have elucidated many of the fundamental processes that underlie propagating exothermic reactions while demonstrating how reaction rates vary with multilayer design. Recent, time-resolved diffraction and imaging studies have further revealed the phase transformations and the wavefront dynamics associated with propagating chemical reactions. Many reactive multilayers (e.g., Co/Al) form product phases that are consistent with published equilibrium phase diagrams, yet a few systems, such as Pt/Al, develop metastable products. The final section highlights current and emerging applications of reactive multilayers. Examples include reactive Ni(V)/Al and Pd/Al multilayers which have been developed for localized soldering of heat-sensitive components.

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“…3 The foil rapidly heats up to temperatures >1273 K. This kind of energy release makes reactive multilayers attractive for utilization as localized heat sources where heating and cooling occur in less than 1 s. For example, components can be joined at micrometer scale with very limited thermal exposure. 4,5 Researchers have studied the self-propagating reaction in various binary metallic multilayers and their transformation to intermetallic compounds. 2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Those phases are highly brittle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of self-propagating reactions in Ru/Al nanoscale multilayer foils

Woll

Gunduz

Pauly

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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The Ru/Al system integrates high energy density and high product ductility and serves as an alternative for utilization as nanoscale reactive multilayer. We present a modeling study that relates the Ru-Al phase transformations occurring during self-propagating reactions with macroscopic reaction parameters such as net front velocity and reaction temperature. We coupled equations for mass and thermal transport and used a numerical scheme to solve the differential equations. We calculated the temporal evolution of the temperature distribution in the reaction front as a function of the multilayer bilayer thickness. The calculated net velocities were between 4.2 m/s and 10.8 m/s, and maximal reaction temperatures were up to 2171 K, in good agreement with measured data. Interfacial premixing, estimated to be around 4 nm, had a large influence on reaction velocities and temperature at smaller bilayer thicknesses. Finally, the theoretical results of the present study help to explain the experimental findings and guide tailoring of reactive properties of Ru/Al multilayers for applications.

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Fracture toughness of bulk metallic glass welds made using nanostructured reactive multilayer foils

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds produced via self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis

Rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds produced via self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition: A critical review

Numerical modeling of self-propagating reactions in Ru/Al nanoscale multilayer foils

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