Fracture toughness of bovine bone: influence of orientation and storage media

Lucksanasombool, P.; Higgs, W. A. J.; Higgs, R. J. E. D.; Swain, Michael V.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00062-x

Cited by 91 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As can be seen, dehydration causes an appreciable reduction of fracture energy, accompanied by a slight increase of elastic modulus, in agreement with earlier works (Currey, 1988a;Lucksanasombool et al, 2001;Nyman et al, 2006;Wang and Agrawal, 1996). The vascular porosity (Table 3) can be used to estimate the content of free water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These toughening mechanisms are responsible for the resistance curve (Rcurve) behaviour observed by several researchers (Malik et al, 2003;Vashishth, 2004;Nalla et al, 2004b). This fact, allied to the size-scales involved in fracture testing of cortical bone, renders the pure LEFM theory inexact when applied to this material (Lucksanasombool et al, 2001;Ural and Vashishth, 2006). In the light of this, several authors have recently applied cohesive zone models for analyzing initiation and propagation of cracks in cortical bone (Ural and Vashishth, 2006;Yang et al, 2006;Cox and Yang, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The double cantilever beam test applied to mode I fracture characterization of cortical bone tissue

Morais

Moura

Pereira

et al. 2010

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Compliance Fracture toughness Modeling A B S T R A C TThe primary objective of this work was to analyse the adequacy of the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test in determining fracture toughness under pure mode I loading of cortical bone tissue. A new data reduction scheme based on specimen compliance and the crack equivalent concept was used to overcome the difficulties inherent in crack monitoring during its growth. It provides a complete resistance curve, which is fundamental in estimating the fracture energy. A cohesive zone model was used to simulate damage initiation and propagation, thus assessing the efficacy of the proposed testing method and data reduction scheme. Subsequently, the DCB test was applied to evaluate the mode I fracture energy of hydrated and thermally dehydrated cortical bone tissue from young bovine femur, in the tangential-longitudinal propagation system. The results obtained demonstrate the efficacy of the DCB test and the proposed data reduction scheme on the bone fracture characterization under mode I loading.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The double cantilever beam test applied to mode I fracture characterization of cortical bone tissue

Morais

Moura

Pereira

et al. 2010

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…There is now a large body of results in the literature involving determinations of the fracture toughness of cortical bone using the linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach. This has for the large part involved single-parameter characterization of the toughness using either the critical value of the mode I linear-elastic stress intensity, K Ic [18,19,20,21,22,23]), or the related strain-energy release rate, G c . 1 In terms of K Ic , toughness values in cortical bone range from 2 to 7 MPa√m, with the fracture toughness, in human humeri for example, typically being up to twice as high in the transverse orientation compared to the longitudinal (medial-lateral and proximal-distal)…”

Section: Macroscopic Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For bones subjected to bending forces where the fracture should occur across the bone in the transverse direction, i.e., along a path of maximum tensile stress, the crack will often macroscopically deflect along the longitudinal direction in order to follow a "weaker" path along the cement lines [20,22,23,30], as can be seen for human cortical bone in Fig. 2 [30].…”

Section: Macroscopic Crack Deflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture, aging, and disease in bone

2006

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From a public health perspective, developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of the well-known increase in fracture risk of human bone with age is essential. This also represents a challenge from materials science and fracture mechanics viewpoints. Bone has a complex, hierarchical structure with characteristic features ranging from nanometer to macroscopic dimensions; it is therefore significantly more complex than most engineering materials. Nevertheless, by examining the micro-/nano-structural changes accompanying the process of aging using appropriate multiscale experimental methods and relating them to fracture mechanics data, it is possible to obtain a quantitative picture of how bone resists fracture. As human cortical bone exhibits rising ex vivo crack-growth resistance with crack extension, its fracture toughness must be evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior. While the crack initiation toughness declines with age, the more striking finding is that the crack-growth toughness declines even more significantly and is essentially absent in bone from donors exceeding 85 years in age. To explain such an age-induced deterioration in the toughness of bone, we evaluate its fracture properties at multiple length scales, specifically at the molecular and nano dimensions using pico-force atomic-force microscopy, nanoindentation and vibrational spectroscopies, at the microscale using electron microscopy and hard/soft x-ray computed tomography, and at the macroscale using R-curve measurements. We show that the reduction in crackgrowth toughness is associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular involving crack bridging, and that this occurs at relatively coarse size-scales in the range of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Finally, we briefly describe how specific clinical treatments, e.g., with steroid hormones to treat various inflammatory conditions, can prematurely damage bone, thereby reducing its fracture resistance, whereas regulating the level of the cytokine TGF-β can offer significant improvements in the stiffness, strength and toughness of bone, and as such may be considered as a therapeutic target to treat increased bone fragility induced by aging, drugs, and disease. *

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“…Using the critical distance method and the experimental results for two groups of data, α=0.3 was estimated which is therefore comparable with the Coulomb-Mohr constant. Fracture properties of bone vary in a wide range according to the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The variation in fracture properties stems from the different testing conditions and different types of bone is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of bone indentation

Kasiri¹,

Reilly²,

Taylor³

2007

Modelling in Medicine and Biology VII

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Finite Element (FE) methods have been widely used to model fractures. The Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) was proposed to predict the fatigue fracture of materials. With the introduction of FE models, this theory has been developed and extensively applied to different materials. FE models of fractures usually need a high resolution meshing or remeshing due to introducing new cracks. This can be a disadvantage, e.g. when the fracture plane of the material is under compression. In this paper the TCD was adopted to predict the multiaxial fracture of bone with the aim of studying the effects of geometry on fracture force.

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Fracture toughness of bovine bone: influence of orientation and storage media

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

The double cantilever beam test applied to mode I fracture characterization of cortical bone tissue

The double cantilever beam test applied to mode I fracture characterization of cortical bone tissue

Fracture, aging, and disease in bone

Simulation of bone indentation

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